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Objective: The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the mortality rates from coronavirus infection among healthcare workers against those in the general population. Study Design: Comparative/Retrospective study Place and Duration: Medical Unit Ward and Emergency Department, Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, July, 2021 to Dec, 2021. Methods: 190 coronavirus-infected patients of both sexes participated. 20-65-year-old patients were enrolled. All cases gave written consent for age, sex, BMI, socioeconomic status, and domicile. Patients were symptomatic and asymptomatic. Group A had 95 cases of general population and in group B 95 were health workers. In coronavirus ward patients were observed for recovery. Outcomes were ICU hospitalization, need of ventilation, and mortality rates were compared. We analyzed data with SPSS 20.0. Results: We found that majority of the patients among both groups were asymptomatic 55 (57.9%) in group A and 59 (62.1%) in group B. Most common comorbidities were HTN, DM and IHD. Use of preventive measures in group A 35 (36.8%) was lower as compared to group B 70 (73.75) with p value <0.003. We found that number of ICU admission 17 (17.9%), ventilation requirement 20 (21.05%) and mortality 13 (13.9%) in group A was significantly higher with p value 0.005 as compared to group B 5 (5.3%), 6 (6.3%) and 3 (3.2%). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the incidence of mortality, admissions to the intensive care unit, and the use of invasive ventilation were all much greater in the general population than they were in the health care professional group. Keywords: Ventilation, General Population, COVID-19, Mortality, ICU, Health workers

Objective: Main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type-2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. Study Design: Descriptive/ observational study Place and Duration: Department of Cardiology, DHQ Hospital Alpurai, Shangla, from December, 2021 to May, 2022. Methods: Total 70 patients of both genders diagnosed diabetes 2 mellitus were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 20-80 years. Patients details demographics were recorded after taking written consent. Prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction with microalbuminuria was assessed by statistical analysis. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed among patients if urinary albumin excretion was >30-300mg/g and graded into mild, moderate and severe according to value of urinary albumin excretion was (20–50 mg/24 hr, 50–100 mg/24 hr, 100–300 mg/24 hr). Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0 version. Results: Out of 70, 38 (54.3%) were males and 32 (45.7%) were females. Mean age of the patients were 49.71±17.8 years with mean BMI 28.41±9.42 kg/m2. Mean ACR of microalbuminuria was 166.7±47.8 mg/gm. Among 70 cases, mild microalbuminuria was found in 28 (40%) cases, moderate microalbuminuria was among 31 (44.3%) and 11 (15.7%) was severe microalbuminuria. Lethargy was the most common symptom found in 25 (35.7%) followed by anorexia 20 (28.6%). Frequency of Cardiac autonomic neuropathy was 58 (82.86%), Parasympathetic dysfunction found in 59 (84.3%) and sympathetic dysfunction was among 62 (88.6%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type-2 diabetes patients highly associated with microalbuminuria with increased systolic diastolic pressure and heart rate. Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardio autonomic dysfunction

This study explores the role of hardiness and social support in psychological well-being among university students. The sample consists of 208 university students who participated in an online survey. The result shows that social support and hardiness have a significant and positive correlation with all the dimensions of psychological well-being. Moreover, social support and hardiness were significant predictors of psychological well-being. This study suggests that apart from the academic curriculum, there is an absolute need to impart and develop social skills and hardiness traits among students, which could be beneficial for strengthening the psychological well-being of university students.