Background: There is increasing incidence of caesarean section throughout the world. As caesarean section is associated with infectious complications which increase the rate of morbidity and mortality of mothers. For prevention of infectious complications antibiotics are used but careless use of antibiotics increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. Many guidelines and studies recommend single dose antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing elective or non-elective caesarean section. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ceftriaxone as prophylactic antibiotic (single dose) in caesarean section in low risk patients.Methods: A Prospective single blind study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, TMMC and RC Moradabad, a tertiary care center, in all low risk patients underwent for Elective and Emergency Lower segment caesarean section for 1 year from 1st June 2015 to May 2016 on 110 patients. Data was collected and analyzed by percentage and proportion.Results: Prevalence of caesarean section was maximum in women of 26-35years age group (52.72%),about 67.27% was emergency LSCS, most common indication of caesarean section was Fetal distress (29.09%),refusal for vaginal delivery after caesarean section (10.90%) was one of the cause for increasing rate of repeat caesarean section, 41.81% women in labour,72.27% cases were with intact membrane, in 9.09% cases, antibiotic had to change in post-operative period due to urinary tract infection and surgical site infection, most common post-operative complication was superficial surgical site infection with purulent discharge (2.72%). No major life-threatening complication occurred.Conclusions: Single dose of Ceftriaxone is effective for prevention of post-caesarean infectious complication.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: AUB has significant impact on quality of life of women related to health specially in developing countries including India. FIGO AUB systems are universally accepted. Aim was to study the clinical spectrum of AUB according to the FIGO AUB systems and women’s attitude towards its management.Methods: Cross sectional prospective study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ANMMCH, Gaya, a tertiary care center, among women of 15-55 years age groups having complain related to abnormal uterine bleeding, for 1 year from 1st May 2019 to 30th April 2020 on 1000 patients. Data was collected and analyzed by percentage and proportions.Results: Prevalence of AUB was maximum among 15-30 years age group of patients (46.80%). Most of the patients belong to lower (62.5%) class, rural area (68%) and were anaemic (62.5%). Ovulatory dysfunction (55%) was most common cause for AUB, maximum patients choose surgical management (hysterectomy) but after counselling, most of them shifted to medical management.Conclusions: This study suggests more conservative approach for management of AUB and emphasizes the importance of awareness for clinical spectrum of AUB among women so that they can be self-motivated for early treatment and unnecessary hysterectomy can be avoided.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The present study has been carried out to investigate the physicochemical and micronutrients properties of vermicompost generated from the major municipal biodegradable solid waste (fruits and vegetables) by using two common species of earthworm i.e., <em>Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugenia</em> in National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Barh, Bihar (India).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Compost pH was measured in distilled water (free of CO₂) using 10 g of compost sample and 25 ml distilled water (ratio 1:2.5). The suspension was agitated for 3-5 min and placed for half an hour before measuring the pH value with a glass. Organic carbon was measured by Walkey and Black method, total N by Kajeldahl method, P₂O₅ was determined by means of colorimetric method and K₂O, Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, Fe and B were determined by the means of Hi Media Kit.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the micronutrients in harvested vermicompost, increase in Zn, Cu and B contents and slight decrease in Mo content were observed when compared to standards given in soil health card of the State Government of Bihar. Mn and Fe were found to be critical in the harvested vermicompost samples. The level of boron (B) in vermicompost was found much higher than the required availability in the soil.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> On the basis of overall physicochemical as well as micronutrients properties of the vermicompost prepared in NTPC is of better quality in compared to the other vermicompost. </p>