The efficacy of herbal mouthwash was equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash and may be considered as a good alternative. The chlorhexidine mouthwash was reported with many side effects which limits its acceptability and long-term use, whereas the presently tested herbal mouthwash had no side effects apart from mild burning sensation.

Aims and Objective:The aim of the study is to determine the effect of chewing gum containing xylitol and sorbitol on mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli count in saliva, plaque, and gingival health and to compare the efficacy of chewing gums.Materials and Methods:The study was designed as a double-blinded randomized uncontrolled clinical trial with two parallel arms. A total of 80 students consented and completed the study. The test group (X) received corresponding pellets with xylitol and the control group (S) was given pellets containing sorbitol and maltitol three times daily for 30 days. Clinical scoring and saliva samples were collected at three different intervals, at baseline, 15th, and 30th day of the study. The outcome measure was plaque index score, gingival index score, salivary mutans streptococci, and Lactobacilli counts. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0).Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of mutans streptococci count of test and control group at baseline and 15th day, but there was statistically highly significant difference (P = 0.00) between the mean of mutans streptococci count in test and control group on the 30th day. The mean of Lactobacilli count, plaque index, and gingival index score between test and control group showed no statistically significant difference at baseline, 15th day, and 30th day.Conclusion:The results suggest that only xylitol gum may interfere with the mutans streptococci composition and reduce it after continuous use of 30 days effectively as compared to sorbitol gum, but both the gums are equally effective on salivary Lactobacilli, plaque, and gingiva at different intervals.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the reasons for tooth mortality as perceived by the dentists for the patients attending the dental clinics and hospitals in Udaipur city. Material and methods: A closed-ended questionnaire survey was conducted among 211 dental practitioners of Udaipur city. The reasons for extraction of permanent and deciduous teeth among patients who had attended during the study period were categorized and the dentists were requested to record the age and sex of the patient, the tooth extracted, and the reason for the extraction. Results: A total of 785 permanent teeth were extracted. There was a significant difference observed between the number of extractions in males (53.1%) and females (46.9%) (P<0.029). Extractions were most common in the 55-64 years of age group (32.7%). Dental caries (206, 26.2%) and periodontitis (188, 23.9%) were the most frequent reasons for tooth extraction. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed caries as the dominant reason given by dentists for tooth extraction in all the age groups of the subjects studied.

Aim: To study the clinical profile of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients and to compare the different clinical data with their CD4 counts with reference to oral health. Material Methods: Total 100 cases attending Department of Medicine /ART center at RIMS Ranchi were selected and their clinical profile was studied. The variations in clinical presentation with changing CD4 cell count were evaluated. Results: Most common presenting symptoms were fever (78%) cough (75%) and breathlessness (62%). Most common associated clinical oral findings were oral candidiasis (34%) and lymphadenopathy (33%). Among extra pulmonary tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the most common presentation (18%). Mean CD4 counts in patients with sputum positive TB was 226.71±52.895 and in sputum negative TB was 108.49±74.684 and in extra pulmonary tuberculosis was 138± 52.895. 85.7%. Sputum positive cases were seen with CD4 counts<50 cells/ micro/l. Conclusion: HIV and tuberculosis was closely linked. Most commonly presented with pulmonary involvement and high number of cases showed extrapulmonary involvement and oral manifestations. Hence proper screening is important for proper diagnosis.

e16174 Background: Liver cancer, most commonly HCC, ranks third in cancer-related deaths. Hepatic dysfunction is a key factor in management. BCLC Staging uses CTP Score with objective biosynthetic and subjective parameters as ascites and encephalopathy. Albumin-bilirubin Index (ALBI) grade is an objective method of assessing hepatic dysfunction. Many studies have validated its predictive accuracy. The present study is an attempt to study the clinical profile, risk factor and to compare ALBI with CTP Score as a predictive marker of hepatic function in HCC. Methods: This is a prospective observational study from Feb 2022-Jan 2023. Patients with suspected HCC had physical examination and relevant lab investigations. Diagnosis is established with either appropriate imaging with raised AFP or by Histopathology. ECOG PS, CTP score, ALBI Grade, and BCLC Stage of HCC were assigned. Patients were treated accordingly and are being actively followed. The data was analysed using SPSS with appropriate statistical tests to study their clinical profile and the correlation between the two prognostic scores. Results: There were 54 new patients of HCC with 78.6% being males. Mean age of presentation was 60.88±10.6 yr, with majority had abdominal pain and distension. 78% were diagnosed on imaging with raised AFP. 31 had viral hepatitis with 19 having hepatitis B, and 12 Hepatitis C. 2 were HIV+ with Hepatitis B. 50% were alcoholic. 4 patients had active autoimmune conditions with 2 having RA, 1 had AIH and 1 having AS. 75% had cirrhosis with the majority having>50% liver involvement,61% having portal vein and bile duct invasion. 10,28, and 11 patients belonged to CTP class A,B and C respectively. 57% fell to BCLC Stage 3. 5,21,28 patients belonged to ALBI Grade 1,2 and 3 respectively. The higher ALBI Index had poorer biochemical, radiological profiles and BCLC Stages, signifying the similarity in prognostic severity. Positive correlation found between the CTP score and the ALBI grade (r=0.339; P Value=0.012). Conclusions: The above study concluded ALBI Index as a good prognostic tool for HCC management in low and middle-income countries. It has only 2 biochemical parameters, can easily be done on a single visit and as it correlates significantly with CTP Score.[Table: see text]