Introduction: - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Smoking and biomass fuel exposure plays a major role in copd by oxidative stress which leads to decrease in predicted FEV1% and FEV1/FVC ratio. Comparison in decline in lung function between smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers.Objective:- Material And Methods: - This was a hospital-based case control study conducted at Institute of Respiratory Diseases SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan India. Total 50 healthy controls and 50 Smokers and Ex-Smokers Diagnosed cases of COPD enrolled in study during2020-2021. Results: - FEV1% in cases was 55.86 ± 15.9 and in controls was 89.2 ± 6.65. FEV1/FVC in cases was 56.62 ± 10.15 and in controls was 76.98 ± 3.61. Predicted FEV 1% and FEV1/FVC ratio was low in cases as compare to controls and the levels were also low in Smokers asConclusion: - compare to Ex-Smokers.

Malignancies of the Lung are a major source of morbidity and mortality in person with HIV infection. In the Pre ART ERA, AIDS-Dening-Cancers (ADC) were prominent. NADCs are mostly comprised of NON- SMALL-Cell Lung Cancer followed by Small-Cell-Carcinoma. Within HIV population incidence of lung-cancer estimated approximately 2-4 times that of general population. Multiple pulmonary nodules or Cannon Ball opacities in LUNG particularly originates from malignant, non-malignant, infective etiology and connective tissue disorders also may cause it.