Penyebaran informasi berupa berita bohong (hoax) pada pemilihan presiden (pilpres) 2019 meningkat ekskalasinya dibandingkan pilpres 2014. Fenomena berita politik hoax tersebut banyak menyesatkan masyarakat dan digunakan untuk menyerang lawan politik, sehingga selama pilpres 2019 menjadi arena kontestasi antara pasangan calon presiden (capres). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap isi kontestasi berita hoax politik selama pilpres 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif menggunakan metode analisis isi untuk memberikan gambaran tentang derasnya berita hoax politik yang membahayakan stabilitas politik negara serta memberikan literasi dan kesadaran tentang bahaya dan antisipasi berita hoax. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lokus penyebaran berita hoax berada pada media sosial seperti Facebook dan WhatsApp. Berita hoax politik pilpres 2019 bersifat berantai dan memproduksi ulang berita hoax yang pernah ada sebelumnya pada pilpres 2014. Sasaran yang dituju oleh kontestasi berita hoax adalah capres 2019 serta pemerintah pusat. Penajaman berita hoax sangat ampuh dengan menggunakan media sosial dan mengarah pana kebencian antargolongan. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah agar aktif mengedukasi mengenai literasi media untuk semua golongan masyarakat agar selektif dalam menerima pesan.

Permasalahan dari segi perbibitan yang menyebabkan rendahnya efisiensi industri gula nasional adalah tidak seimbangnya komposisi varietas-varietas tebu yang ditanam yaitu antara varietas masak awal, masak tengah dan masak akhir sehingga rendemen tidak optimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis preferensi petani terhadap atribut bibit/varietas tebu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja PTPN X. Sampel diambil secara purposive dengan memilih 45 orang responden petani tebu. Preferensi petani dianalisi dengan menggunakan pendekatan multiatribut Fishbein. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 atribut yang dianggap paling penting bagi petani dalam menentukan pemilihan varietas bibit tebu. Selain itu, sikap responden petani berbeda-beda terhadap ketiga jenis varietas tebu. Petani tebu cenderung lebih menyukai varietas masak akhir dibandingkan masak awal dan akhir. Petani juga lebih menyukai tebu varietas masak awal dibandingkan dengan varietas masak akhir. Hal ini dikarenakan varietas masak akhir diyakin oleh petani memiliki potensi produktivitas dan rendemen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas masak awal atau tengah.

The decline in national sugar cane production from 2015 amounted to 2.4 million tons and in 2016 amounted to 2.2 million tons. One of the reason for the decline in sugar cane production is the proportion of Ratoon Cane (RC) which is relatively high compared to Plant Cane (PC). The objective of the study is to analyze the technical efficiency of farming between plant cane (PC) and ratoon cane (RC). The method used in sampling farmer households is purposive by considering there is no sampling frame available in the study area. Data analysis method using the stochastic frontier production function model. The results showed that the plant cane farming (PC) was more technically efficient than ratoon cane (RC) with an average value of PC sugarcane technical efficiency of 93 percent and an average sugarcane technical efficiency of RS by 89 percent.

Mostly Red Onion farmers in Petak Village do the farming on off-season. Red Onion Farming on off season will not get the maximum production because of the weather and the climate doesn't support the growth of red onion, so it's possible for the amount of red onion's production are low. The low production of red union is due to the risk that faced by the farmer in Petak Village. The research aims to determine the source of production risk in Petak Village, the level of production risk on off season in Petak Village, and the factors which influences red onion production on off season. The determination of research area was conducted by using purposive methods. The Method of this research uses descriptive and analytic methods. The red onion farmer's population during off season is 52 farmers and the amount of the sample used in this research is 46 farmers. Sort of datas that used in this research were primary data and secondary data. The Analysis that used are risk analysisi descriptivel, variance analysis, coefficient variation, standard deviation, risk mapping, just and pope models also cobb-douglas regression models, source of the risks on red onion farming ini Petak Village, Bagor Sub district, Nganjuk regency are weather and climate, pest and disease, seed quality of red onion, the fertility of farming soil, and human sources or farmers of red onion farming. The level of risk red onion farming on off season in Petak Village according to variance value is amount 2,10. Standard deviation is 1,45 and coefficient variation is 1,01 So, risk production of red onion farming is high. Meanwhile, according to risk mapping production showed that the risk production of red onion is on orange area so, it included on high risk category. The factors which influences red onion production during off season in Petak Village are liquid pesticide, while seed, fertilizer, solid pesticide and labor factors have no significant effect on the risk of red onion production.

Normatively, price changes that occur in the consumer market will be passed on to the producer's market. The price change is not necessarily enjoyed by beef cattle farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to examine whether there is a vertical market integration of beef among consumer and producer market in Indonesia. The examination of this issue was done through the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The data used in this study were secondary. This study used monthly price data of beef (Rp/kg) in Indonesia, consisting of 96 observations from January 2011 to December 2018. This study reveals that there is a long-term relationship among the consumer market and producer market in Indonesia. The short-run was also found that vertical beef market integration in Indonesia is only one direction, from consumers to producers. This finding represents that the beef market is vertically integrated, but the integration is not perfect. Imperfect integration of beef marketing in Indonesia signifies that the beef market in Indonesia is inefficient both in the short and long term. This study recommends the government formulate policies that provide infrastructure to avoid market exploitation and asymmetry information from the consumer market to the producer market. Besides, the government needs a price brand policy, where the government sets a reasonable price disparity between prices at the farm level and prices at the consumer level.