Purpose Sustainability has become a global concern to deal with complex and unprecedent survival, social, political and peace issues. Higher education institutions play a key role in this transformation. This paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis by continents of innovation and sustainability barriers in universities. The document also offers opportunities and potential actions for universities to create initiatives to minimize barriers and move towards a sustainable future. Design/methodology/approach To carry out the study, 25 closed questions, composed of a five-point Likert scale, were applied to 283 university representatives (rectors, managers or specialists in the area of innovation and sustainability), to check the degree of application of the questionnaire. Findings From an exploratory statistical analysis, it was found that the main barriers were lacking of planning and focus, lacking of environmental committee, lacking of applicability and continuity of actions and resistance to changes. Among continents, Africa and Oceania presented the best innovation and sustainability indicators in universities. The main approach of this exploratory study on barriers in universities is as an international research, whose findings showed that several barriers currently prevent universities from getting involved in sustainable development efforts. However, as we debate sustainable development, which is gaining momentum, universities are supposed to move forward to overcome barriers for the sake of implementing goals and initiatives. In addition, universities must seize opportunities to contribute through innovation in teaching, research and initiatives to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals. Research limitations/implications This study has two main limitations: first, online research has involved professionals working in the field of sustainable development in higher education. Second, there were no interviews conducted to gather personal information with students and servers. However, the broad scope of the study and its strong international base provide important results that enable the design of an adequate profile of sustainability and innovation challenges that are currently found in universities. Practical implications The study showed that there is lack of knowledge management to connect science, technology, innovation and sustainability, to improve management conditions, innovate, make decisions, support initiatives, create incentives and control mechanisms. Trends suggest that future professional activities involve skills in dealing with complex problems, sometimes in careers and jobs yet to be created. Traditional teaching methods are generally only prepared for routine tasks and for existing jobs, thus requiring the creation of new approaches capable of stimulating creativity and autonomy, which are essential for the present and future demands of innovation and sustainability. Social implications The exploratory study on barriers in universities brings international research as main approach, which made it possible to check that several barriers currently prevent universities from getting involved in sustainable development efforts. However, as we debate sustainable development, which is gaining momentum, it is important that universities should move forward to overcome the barriers to implementation of goals and initiatives. In addition, universities should take advantage of opportunities to contribute through innovation in teaching, research and action to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals. Originality/value Developed countries are leaders in promoting sustainability, while developing or underdeveloped countries are laggards. In this approach, the study sought to verify the differences through a comparative analysis across continents. As for originality and innovation, this paper presents an international study in the view of specialists who respond based on the experience of their university.

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RESUMOModelos relacionando respostas espectrais com parâmetros biofísicos visam estimar variáveis, tais como volume de madeira, sem a necessidade de avaliações constantes em campo. Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos estimadores de volume de madeira a partir de imagens TM do Landsat 5, com base em dados de inventário florestal regional. A imagem foi georreferenciada e convertida para imagem reflectância espectral. Em seguida, foram geradas as imagens índice NDVI (índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada) e SR (razão simples). Os valores das reflectâncias das bandas (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4) e dos índices (NDVI e SR) foram relacionados com os volumes de madeira. As maiores correlações com volume foram com os índices NDVI e SR. A seleção de variáveis foi feita pelo método Stepwise, o qual retornou três modelos de regressão como significativos para explicar a variação em volume. Por fim, selecionou-se o modelo com melhor ajuste (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR) + 107,47 × (TM2)), o qual foi aplicado sobre a imagem Landsat onde os pixels passaram a representar o volume estimado em m³/ha nas unidades de produção de Eucalyptus sp. Este modelo, significativo ao nível de 95 % de confiança, explica 68 % da variação de volume de madeira. Palavras-chave: parâmetros biofísicos; reflectância; índices de vegetação. ABSTRACTModels relating spectral answers with biophysical parameters aim estimate variables, such as wood volume, without the necessity of frequent field measurements. The objective was to develop models to estimate wood volume by Landsat 5 TM images, supported by regional forest inventory data. The image was georeferenced and converted to spectral reflectance. After, the images-index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SR (Simple Ratio) was generated. The reflectance values of both spectral bands

4RESUMO -A utilização de matéria-prima de origem florestal aumentou significativamente nas últimas décadas. A busca por alta produtividade concretizou-se com a introdução de espécies exóticas, principalmente Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a precisão da classificação digital obtida no levantamento de povoamentos florestais implantados e naturais da área da carta de Cachoeira do Sul -RS, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento, sensoriamento remoto, SIG (sistema de informação geográfica) e GPS (sistema de posicionamento global). Verificouse que a área é ocupada por vegetação natural (35,54%), Pinus sp. (1,89%) e Eucalyptus sp. (0,77%), cuja precisão na classificação supervisionada digital foi: Exatidão global (85,23%), Kappa (84,90%) e Tau (77,74%). Concluiuse que os três índices de acurácia podem ser utilizados, apesar de os índices Kappa e Tau mostrarem-se mais consistentes. Palavras-chave:Geoprocessamento, índices de concordância e mapeamento de florestas. DIGITAL CLASSIFICATION ASSESSMENT OF FOREST STANDS IN SATELLITE IMAGES USING ACCURACY INDICES ABSTRACT -The use of forest raw products has increased significantly in the last decades. The search for high productivity has led to the introduction of exotic species, mainly

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