The current trend towards the implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses is associated with the desire of patients to be independent of glasses and improve the quality of life. However, the brain in conditions of multifocal correction of aphakia works with several foci, which is unphysiological, energy-consuming and requires long-term neuroadaptation. With the depletion of brain resources in adulthood due to problematic neuroadaptation to multifocal intraocular lenses, the neuropsychic or somatic health of patients may deteriorate. The eye-brain system is evolutionarily adapted to aberrations within 1.5 diopters. It is proposed to form direct simple myopic astigmatism up to 1.5 diopters during monofocal correction of aphakia (by laser correction of corneal refraction or implantation of a spherical cylindrical intraocular lens). The specified refraction, expanding the focal area of the pseudophakic eye, provides the greatest (in comparison with other types of refraction) amount of pseudo-accommodation and, accordingly, independence from glasses. The proposed approach is physiological for the brain and does not cause problems with neuroadaptation.

Currently, the cause of uveopathies is unknown, there is no radical treatment. The final of these diseases is blindness from glaucoma. The author developed a hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis of uveopathies, according to which the trigger of these diseases is the weakness of accommodation caused by the genetically determined excessively small distance between the ciliary body and the equator of the lens. The following approaches to solving the problem of uveopathies are proposed: a). formation of laser mydriasis (at the initial stages of the process); b). surgical expansion of the ring of the ciliary body - the formation of supraciliary non-penetrating sclerectomies (imitation of anterior staphyloma of the sclera in neglected myopia and glaucoma); in). phacoemulsification of the lens with IOL implantation (optimal final refraction of the artificial eye - simple myopic direct type astigmatism up to 1.5 diopters). It is assumed that these operations will affect the trigger of uveopathy - a genetically determined weakness of accommodation, Uveopathies (Fuchs' syndrome, essential mesodermal progressive dystrophy of the iris, glaucoma-cyclitic crisis) are not fully understood diseases.

The phenomenon of a laser light scattering on calf eye lenses at the diminution of their temperature is investigated in this paper. It is shown, that at the cooling of eye lens nucleus cytoplasm the scattered light speckle patterns change from small-sized speckles two large-sized speckles. Between those two phases the intermediate phase with elongated oriented speckles is observed. The possibility of using of autocorrelation function and its integration sum for scatterd laser light speckle pattern investigation is analyzed.

Depression is considered a multifactorial disease, the trigger of which is unknown. Eye diseases and depressive disorders may have a common trigger - excessively constricted pupils (experimental data). The hypothesis of the occurrence of depression: in genetically predisposed individuals, long-term negative emotions cause - through cortico-nuclear pathways - excessive narrowing of the pupils. Narrowed pupils (reduction of light flux) through the optic-vegetative system trigger pathological biochemical processes in the body, which leads to deterioration of the mental and physical conditions of patients. It is proposed to investigate experimentally (taking into account the principle of "direct - feedback" in the optic-vegetative system), whether the terms of treatment of patients with postpartum depression will be shortened when dilating one pupil with atropine (simulation of Adi's syndrome) against the background of standard therapy. With a positive effect of treatment, the above method can be used for other types of depressive disorders

Age-related macular dystrophy (AMD) is one of the main causes of vision loss in old age. The etiopathogenesis of AMD has not been fully elucidated, therefore there is no radical treatment of AMD. The proposed hypothesis is that the trigger of AMD may be a genetically determined weakness of accommodation (related to an excessively small distance "ciliary body - lens equator"). It is necessary to carry out objective accomodometry, OCT diagnostics of the distance "ciliary body - lens equator" in older people with healthy eyes and with ophthalmopathology (including AMD). If the hypothesis is confirmed, it is proposed to: a) surgically expand the ring of the ciliary body; b) to form a simple direct myopic astigmatism of up to 1.5 diopters on an artificial eye with AMD (by calculating the optical power of the IOL or modeling the corneal surface with a femtosecond laser).