A national survey of multicultural and ethnic attitudes was carried out in June 1991, with a representative sample of 2500 respondents, and oversamples in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver (total N = 3325). Scales were developed to assess attitudes towards various aspects of multiculturalism (Multicultural Ideology, Perceived Consequences of Multiculturalism, and Multicultural Programme Attitudes), towards various ethnic and immigrant groups, and to assess Tolerance and Canadianism. In the total sample, attitudes toward multiculturalism were moderately positive, and tolerance moderately high; there was also a relatively high sense of attachment and commitment to Canada. Attitudes towards ethnic and immigrant groups were variable, with groups of European origin more positively evaluated than those of non-European origin. Variations in these attitudes by region of residence, and ethnic origin revealed significant differences to this general pattern: those of French origin living in Quebec tended to be less supportive than those of British and Other origins living outside Quebec. Overall, it was concluded that despite some signs of ethnocentrism, there are good prospects for achieving a diverse and tolerant society in Canada.1 This paper is an overview of results from a national survey conducted in June 1991 by Angus Reid. The survey was commissioned by Multiculturalism and Citizenship Canada; however, interpretations are those of the authois. We acknowledge the contributions to the development of the original items of Serge Guimond, Doug Palmer and Jim Cameron. An earlier version was presented to Canadian Psychological Association Annual Meetings, May 1993, Montreal.

The development and validation of a thirty item, Likert-type scale designed to measure medical students' attitudes to psychiatry-the ATP-30 (Attitudes Toward Psychiatry-30 items)-are described. We had hoped to demonstrate that 'attitude to psychiatry' was not a unitary matter but an amalgam of attitudes to a number of things to do with psychiatric practice. This hope was not fulfilled, as a unitary dimension was obtained. A positive change in the attitudes of students toward psychiatry was demonstrated in third and fourth medical year students in relation to exposure to psychiatry. Such a change was not demonstrable in two classes of occupational therapy students exposed to a course in psychiatry. The reasons for this difference between medical students and occupational therapy students are discussed-there possibly being important implications here for psychiatric curriculum planning in medical school. Lastly, we have demonstrated that the positive change in attitudes amongst medical students was transient rather than lasting-a matter which most studies of attitude change do not address. In spite of the apparent impermanence of the positive change in attitudes among medical students, there are a number of possible used to a scale such as the ATP-30, and these are discussed.

Two studies are reported in which a scale measuring sex-role ideology was constructed, validated and cross-validated. Sex-role ideology was conceived as a system of sex-role beliefs forming a dimension with a traditional and a feminist pole. From an initial pool of 82 statements, 30 were selected that best discriminated between criterion groups of traditional and feminist women and that represented the heterogeneous content of sex roles. Half of the items are phrased in a feminist and half in a traditional direction. The scale was then cross-validated with new criterion groups. The internal consistency of the scale was shown through item-total correlations and split-half reliability (median r = .79). The test-retest reliability was .87.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the ethnicity of speakers, as suggested in accents, on judgments of suitability for a job, and to establish the relationship between listeners' attitudes and the evaluation of accented speech. 203 subjects acted as personnel consultants and evaluated 10 job applicants for four jobs varying in social status. Five candidates spoke with an English-Canadian and five with a foreign accent. Data showed discrimination in favour of English-Canadian and against foreign-accented speakers, foreign-accented applicants were rated lower for the higher status jobs, but higher for lower status jobs. Measures of listeners' attitudes (authoritarianism and ethnocentrism) showed low but significant correlations with discrimination.