IntroductionThere has been an increased incidence of macrosomic newborns in the world and most of the macrosomic newborns are born from non-GDM pregnant women. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and the associated risk factors of fetal macrosomia in non-GDM pregnant women.MethodsA total 4246 consequtive pregnant women who had no GDM was included the study population. Data was collected from hospital database of Balikesir State Hospital between January 2014 and January 2015. Statistical analysis was carried out using the independent samples t-test and chi-squared test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between associated risk factors and the presence of fetal macrosomia. In this analysis, fetal macrosomia was taken as the dependent variable and associated risk factors were taken as independent variables. Results are shown as odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) in the logistic regression analysis.Results366 of the 4246 pregnant women were diagnosed with fetal macrosomia (8.6%). Compared the control women, a statistically significant correlation between fetal macrosomia and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), parity, advanced maternal age, and male fetal sex was found. Maternal BMI, and GWG were the two risk factors most strongly associated with macrosomia.ConclusionThe prevalance of fetal macrosomia is rising among Turkish women. High pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG represent main modifiable risk factors for macrosomia and need more attention from health care providers.

We aimed to investigate the prevalence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PoH), the relevant factors, and predictors of transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism. The files of 352 patients who underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy alone or with central lymph node dissection and/or lateral neck dissection between June 1, 2019, and November 30, 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. Also, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels measured preoperatively and 4–6 h after surgery, follow-up examination results, and time to resolution of transient PoH were recorded. 16.48% (n = 58) of the surgical patients developed transient PoH and 3.98% (n = 14) developed permanent PoH. Length of hospital stay increased in patients who developed PoH (p < 0.001). Transient PoH developed less in patients who underwent parathyroid autotransplantation, while permanent PoH was not detected (p = 0.001). PoH development was not significantly correlated with nodule size as measured by preoperative thyroid ultrasonography (p = 0.944). Patients who had a serum PTH level ≤ 5.95 pmol/L 4–6 h after surgery had a greater risk of developing permanent PoH (OR 134.84, 95% CI 17.25–1053.82). PoH is more common in female gender and is not significantly correlated with nodule size. Parathyroid autotransplantation can prevent the development of PoH.

To investigate the fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR) of pregnant women with abortus imminens (AI) and its prognostic value for predicting spontaneous abortion. Methods: A total 102 early pregnancies, 52 had been diagnosed with AI and 50 ages and body mass index matched healthy control pregnant women were included in this prospective observational study conducted in the

Background Aortic valve replacement improves survival for patients with low-gradient aortic valve stenosis, but there is a paucity of data on postoperative quality of life for this population. Methods In a single-center retrospective analysis of 304 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement, patients were divided into 4 groups based on mean pressure gradient, left ventricular ejection fraction, and stroke volume index. Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12, quality of life was assessed immediately before and 1 month after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Results Most patients in the low-flow, low-gradient group were men; this group had higher relative rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes than the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group; the normal-flow, low-gradient group; and the high-gradient group. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly among the groups at 1 month after surgery, and all groups experienced a significant improvement in quality-of-life scores after surgery. The mean improvement was 27 points in the low-flow, low-gradient group, 25 points in the paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient group, 30 points in the normal-flow, low-gradient group, and 30 points in the high-gradient group (all P &lt; .001). Conclusion Quality of life improves significantly across all subgroups of aortic valve stenosis after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement, regardless of flow characteristics or aortic valve gradients.

As immune checkpoint blockade and other immune-based therapyapproaches lead to broad treatment advances among patients with advanced cancer, animportant consideration is how to best select patients whose tumors will respond tothese therapies. As a consequence predictive and prognostic markers are needed. Thereare genomic features, such as tumour mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability(MSI), and immune phenotype features, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1),CTLA-4 and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), to predict response toimmunotherapies (ITs). Several studies show the correlation between TMB andpredicted neoantigen load across multiple cancer types. Response to immunecheckpoint inhibitors is higher in tumours with high TMB. The candidate biomarkerthat has been studied mostly other than TMB is PD-L1 expression in trials utilizingprogrammed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are dynamicmarkers that change in relation to local cytokines and other factors, and the thresholdsthat separate “positive” and “negative” PD-L1 expressions remain under debate. PD-L1expression is now a routine diagnostic marker for patients with newly diagnosedNSCLC. The potential applicability of PD-L1 in other disease settings is still uncertain.Microsatellite instability is characterised by high rates of alterations to repetitive DNAsequences caused by impaired mismatch repair (MMR); MSI was the biomarker wasapproved according to tumor's initial location. Combining TMB with specific genomicalterations is crucial. Moreover, new biomarkers are being investigated.