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A series of Cu/TiO2‐SiO2 catalysts were prepared by a sol‐gel hydrothermal method and characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and H2‐TPR. The catalysts were used for selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Results show that based on the Cu/SiO2 catalyst, introducing a part of TiO2 into the carrier while keeping very large specific surface area would promote the reduction of CuO, inhibit the growth of Cu crystal particles, and improve the dispersity of Cu particles in the catalyst. The electronegativity of Cu is enhanced in the double‐loaded Cu/TiO2‐SiO2 catalyst, compared with single‐loaded Cu/SiO2 or Cu/TiO2 catalysts. The Cu/TiO2‐SiO2 catalyst containing 0.40 g/g (40 wt%) TiO2 in the carrier shows high furfural hydrogenation performance.

In this study, flat sheet asymmetric polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced antifouling properties were prepared with a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method through compound additives containing a polymeric pore-forming agent, a small molecular non-solvent and a surfactant. The formation processes of the porous asymmetric membranes with different kinds of additives were studied in detail, and the microstructure controllable preparation of membrane was achieved by establishing a bridge between the membrane preparation parameters and separation performances. All prepared membranes were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle analysis, porosity, maximum pore size, water and BSA solution permeability studies. The performance efficiency of the membrane was evaluated by using BSA as a model foulant in terms of permeability, solute rejection (R), Rm (membrane inherent resistance), Rc (cake layer resistance), and Rp (pore plugging resistance). The results showed that when the compound additives were used, the inter-connected pores were observed, maximum pore size, contact angle and membrane filtration resistance decreased, while the porosity increased. When PVP compound additives were added, the water flux increased from 80.4 to 148.1 L/(m2·h), the BSA rejection increased from 53.2% to 81.5%. A similar trend was observed for membranes with added PEG compound additives; the water flux and BSA rejection simultaneously increased. The filtration resistance decreased as a result of compound additives. The uniformity of membrane and the number of effective pores could be enhanced by adding compound additives through the cooperation of different additives.

Diabetes can cause many complications, which has become one of the most common diseases that may lead to death. Currently, the number of diabetics continues increasing year by year. Thus,...