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Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a new nature-inspired intelligent algorithm which uses the whole update and evaluation strategy on solutions. For solving multidimension function optimization problems, this strategy may deteriorate the convergence speed and the quality of solution of algorithm due to interference phenomena among dimensions. To overcome this shortage, in this paper a dimension by dimension improvement based flower pollination algorithm is proposed. In the progress of iteration of improved algorithm, a dimension by dimension based update and evaluation strategy on solutions is used. And, in order to enhance the local searching ability, local neighborhood search strategy is also applied in this improved algorithm. The simulation experiments show that the proposed strategies can improve the convergence speed and the quality of solutions effectively.

With the prevalence of social media and online forum, opinion mining, aiming at analyzing and discovering the latent opinion in user-generated reviews on the Internet, has become a hot research topic. This survey focuses on two important subtasks in this field, stance detection and product aspect mining, both of which can be formalized as the problem of the triple target, aspect, opinion extraction. In this paper, we first introduce the general framework of opinion mining and describe the evaluation metrics. Then, the methodologies for stance detection on different sources, such as online forum and social media are discussed. After that, approaches for product aspect mining are categorized into three main groups which are corpus level aspect extraction, corpus level aspect, and opinion mining, and document level aspect and opinion mining based on the processing units and tasks. And then we discuss the challenges and possible solutions. Finally, we summarize the evolving trend of the reviewed methodologies and conclude the survey. INDEX TERMS Opinion mining, stance detection, product aspect mining, topic model, deep neural network.

Spiking neural network, consisting of spiking neurons and plastic synapses, is a promising but relatively underdeveloped neural network for neuromorphic computing.Inspired by the human brain, it provides a unique solution for highly efficient data processing. Recently, memristor-based neurons and synapses are becoming intriguing candidates to build spiking neural networks in hardware, owing to the close resemblance between their device dynamics and the biological counterparts. However, the functionalities of memristor-based neurons are currently very limited, and a hardware demonstration of fully memristor-based spiking neural networks supporting in situ learning is very challenging. Here, a hybrid spiking neuron by combining the memristor with simple digital circuits is designed and implemented in hardware to enhance the neuron functions. The hybrid neuron with memristive dynamics not only realizes the basic leaky integrate-and-fire neuron function but also enables the in situ tuning of the connected synaptic weights. Finally, a fully hardware spiking neural network with the hybrid neurons and memristive synapses is experimentally demonstrated for the first time, with which in situ Hebbian learning is achieved. This work opens up a way towards the implementation of spiking neurons, supporting in situ learning for future neuromorphic computing systems.Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))