Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacterial invasion can lead to life-threatening complications, posing a significant health threat to more than 150 million people worldwide. As a result, there is need for accurate and rapid diagnosis of UTIs to enable more effective treatment. Described here is an intelligent diagnostic system constructed for bacterial detection using an immunobiosensor, signal-amplification biochip, and image processing algorithm based on machine vision. This prototype can quickly detect bacteria by collection of enhanced luminescence enabled by the photonic crystals integrated into the biochip. By use of a machine vision algorithm, the very small luminescence signals are analyzed to provide a low detection limit and wide dynamic range. This sensor system can offer an affordable, accessible, and user-friendly digital diagnostic solution, possibly suitable for wearable technology, that could improve treatment of this challenging disease.

Facet-selective nanostructures in living systems usually exhibit outstanding optical and enzymatic properties, playing important roles in photonics,m atter exchange,a nd biocatalysis.B ioinspired construction of facet-selective nanostructures offers great opportunities for sophisticated nanomaterials,b ut remains af ormidable task. We have developed am acromolecule-mediated strategy for the assembly of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)/two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2DMOFs) heterostructures with facet selectivity.B oth experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be utilized as an interface-selective mediator to further promote the facetselective assembly of MOFs onto the surface of UCNPs.T he UCNPs/2DMOFs nanostructures with facet selectivity display specific optical properties and showg reat advantages in anticounterfeiting.O ur demonstration of UCNPs/2DMOFs provides av ivid example for the controlled fabrication of facetselective nanostructures and can promote the development of advanced functional materials for applications in biosensing, energy conversion, and information assurance.

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Many substances in nature show radiated topological structure and possess excellent bio‐adhesion ability. Herein, regulating the topological structure of Zn2GeO4:Mn persistent phosphors is achieved with a molecular coordination method. The morphology of the Zn2GeO4:Mn phosphors is well‐tuned from nanorods to radiated dendrites by changing the coordination capability of the surface ligand. Due to the structural matching and multivalent interactions, Zn2GeO4:Mn radiated dendrites show strong adhesion affinity toward organisms. Moreover, the porous radiated structure offers Zn2GeO4:Mn with a large surface area for photocatalysis. Efficient bacterial adhesion and good long persistent photocatalysis activity are observed in the Zn2GeO4:Mn radiated dendrites, which endows Zn2GeO4:Mn with persistent antibacterial activity even in the dark. Further, the Zn2GeO4:Mn spike flowers loaded fabrics exhibit potent persistent antibacterial properties. Mask and towel fabricated with the antibacterial fabrics can inhibit bacterial growth effectively and no bacteria are observed to pass through the antibacterial mask, suggesting that antibacterial mask can guarantee our health and can be utilized repeatedly. The developed Zn2GeO4:Mn dendrites possess ideal ability in long‐term bacterial inhibition, making them valuable in the fields of medical protection and food packaging.

Recently, nucleic acid aptamers have been widely used in biological analysis due to their high affinity, binding selectivity, and programmability. Researchers have introduced the idea that chemical modification endows aptamers with rich spatial conformations and functions, extending the application of aptamers in biological analysis. Currently, reviews about aptamers in the bioanalytical field usually focus on the complexes of aptamers and functional materials. Few reviews pay attention to the chemically modified aptamers. In this review, we introduce the synthesis and screening of chemically modified nucleic acids. In addition, we summarize the recent works about chemically modified aptamers in the field of bioanalysis, aiming to provide a promising step toward an aptamer-based versatile platform for biological analysis.