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Background Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important stress hormone, the changes of abscisic acid content can alter plant tolerance to stress, abscisic acid is crucial for studying plant responses to abiotic stress. The abscisic acid aldehyde oxidase (AAO) plays a vital role in the final step in the synthesis of abscisic acid, therefore, understanding the function of AAO gene family is of great significance for plants to response to abiotic stresses. Result In this study, 6, 8, 4 and 4 AAO genes were identified in four cotton species. According to the structural characteristics of genes and the traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the AAO gene family into 4 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the AAO gene family was relatively conservative. The analysis of cis-elements showed that most AAO genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones. Tissue specificity analysis under NaHCO3 stress showed that GhAAO2 gene was differentially expressed in both roots and leaves. After GhAAO2 gene silencing, the degree of wilting of seedlings was lighter than that of the control group, indicating that GhAAO2 could respond to NaHCO3 stress. Conclusions In this study, the AAO gene family was analyzed by bioinformatics, the response of GhAAO gene to various abiotic stresses was preliminarily verified, and the function of the specifically expressed gene GhAAO2 was further verified. These findings provide valuable information for the study of potential candidate genes related to plant growth and stress.

The fabrication of a green, high activity and low-cost carbon-based catalyst capable of activating new oxidant (peroxymonosulfate, PMS) for contaminants abatement is needed. In this research, we prepared novel N-doped biochars via one-step pyrolysis of algal sludge without external nitrogen sources. The obtained ASBC800 possessed the largest specific surface area (SBET = 145.596 m2 g−1) and thus it displayed the best catalytic performance, as revealed by the effective elimination of sulfadiazine (SDZ, >95% within 70 min) with 0.2 g L−1 ASBC800 and 0.5 mM PMS. Both radical species (e.g., SO4•−, and •OH), and nonradical regime (1O2 and electron-transfer) contributed to SDZ oxidation, in which ASBC800 played essential roles in activating PMS, accumulating SDZ, and regulating electron shuttle from SDZ to ASBC800-PMS*. Overall, this work not only provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of N-rich and cost-effective biochar but also promotes the development and application of carbon-based functional materials in environmental remediation.

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