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The urgency of curbing global warming triggered by growing CO 2 emissions has generated significant attention. Direct air capture (DAC) is a crucial and feasible technology to cut CO 2 emissions at nonpoint sources, therefore achieving negative emissions. Solid porous sorbents have drawn increasing attention for CO 2 capture from the atmosphere with ultralow CO 2 concentration (ca. 400 ppm). However, most related studies focus on nanoparticle-based adsorbents and their functionalized counterparts, which are more prone to lose weight in the atmosphere. In this context, we summarize nanoparticle composite adsorbents, including zero-dimensional powders, one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional membranes, and three-dimensional aerogels, and assess the physicochemical properties and typical applications of major types of nanoporous adsorbents in the field of CO 2 adsorption and separation with emphasis on DAC. The multidimensions of emerging adsorbents versus CO 2 uptake are discussed and compared separately. Combined with recent reported advances, we provide deep insights for the design and synthesis of multifunctional materials for efficient CO 2 adsorption. Moreover, life cycle and technoeconomic assessments of DAC using different materials are briefly estimated. Finally, challenges and current trends in the DAC system for commercialization have been put forward.

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sizes are widely used in textile industry due to their excellent sizing properties on synthetic fibers and their blends. However, PVA contains non‐biodegradable chemicals and is a major contributor to environmental pollution related to the textile industry. To overcome this problem, an environmental‐benign and highly thermal‐resistant yarn coating is fabricated from soy proteins, an agricultural byproduct. The soy proteins are chemically modified by glycols having varying chain lengths and number of hydroxyl groups. Compared with the physically modified soy proteins and their sized yarns, coating made from the soy proteins esterified by 1,4‐butanediol show 91.38% increment in work of rupture at 120 °C and cotton/polyester (65/35) yarns sized by 1,4‐butanediol esterified soy protein sizes have 39.91% decrease in coefficient of friction. In addition, 1,4‐butanediol esterified soy sizes have a five‐day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand of 0.476, indicating that the chemically modified soy sizes have high biodegradability in activated sludge. Successful utilization of modified soy sizes can promote large‐quantity applications of soy byproducts, impelling high value addition to agricultural byproducts and sustainability of textile industry.