The need for technology-based media is vital in the era of 21st-century education. Here, augmented reality media is a medium predicted to provide a more realistic experience successfully and in line with the developmental phase of elementary school students. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the need for augmented reality media development and develop an initial design for augmented reality media development in STEAM learning in elementary schools. This research used the R&D method with two of the four stages of R&D research. These stages are preliminary studies and initial design development. The subjects of this study were seven teachers and 129 students of a public elementary school in East Java, Indonesia. The instruments of this research were questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and interpretive analysis. The results of this study revealed that teachers and students needed media that can represent material in-depth, increase interest and motivation, and provide experiences, such as STEAM-based augmented reality learning media. Meanwhile, the initial design development results of STEAM-based augmented reality learning media were in the form of six types of designs, containing Batik, Wayang (puppet), Gamelan, Borobudur Temple, Kereta Kencana (golden chariot), and Keris.

A hidden curriculum arises during the learning process especially when the interaction between teacher and student. How the teacher chooses to educate students can convey messages that are hidden and not hidden. The message has a positive or negative effect. That's why teaching strategies are a powerful hidden curriculum. This review study includes some articles to prove the existence of a hidden curriculum in teaching strategies chosen by teachers and their impact on students. Linking existing educational theories and expert opinions is a way of reviewing this article. This review study is expected to give consideration to the teachers in choosing the right teaching strategy to achieve the learning goals.

The objectives of this research were: (1) to describe students' and lecturers' needs on poetry and drama appreciative textbook, (2) to describe the development of textbook model (3) to find the effectiveness of textbook model 4) to describe textbook dissemination. The type of research used was research and development. Research was done through 4 stages: (1) exploration, (2) model development, (3) model testing, (4) dissemination. Exploration stage used qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis technique was interactive analysis model. Model testing was done through experimental research. The results of this research were: (1) the exploration stage showed that the poetry and drama learning textbook used by Elementary Teacher Education Program (ETEP) students in S urakarta did not meet the students' and lecturers' need, (2) model development stage produced appreciative poetry and drama textbook through preliminary field testing; (3) model testing phase was to test effectiveness of the textbook used t-test non-independent technique. It was obtained tobtain of 23 and ttable(90; 0.05) of 1.67. Thus, tobtained (23) > ttable (1.67) which meant that the hypothesis was ac cepted (Ho was rejected). In conclusion, the Apprec iative Poetry and Drama textbook model was effectively improve students' poetry and drama appreciation skills. Dissemination was done through national seminars, article writing in international journals, as well as the publishing of an Integrative-thematic Textbook of Poetry and Drama Learning with IS BN.© IJERE. All rights reserved

Biotechnology is a concept that combines biology and technology. The concept of Biotechnology in this research is divided into 4 based on the Rainbow Code of Biotechnology (RCB). This research aimed to measure the concept of biotechnology using a Two-Tier Multiple Test (TTMC). This research consists of two methods, namely qualitative and quantitative methods. TTMC was developed using a procedure defined by Borg and Gall. TTMC consists of 20 questions and tested to 137 students to collect data. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that TTMC assessment instruments developed is feasible and meets the criteria as a good question with the content validity (CV) of 1.00, an average score of the reliability test of 0.92 of a very high category, the level of difficulty of 79.2% with a moderate category and 16.7% with a difficult category, and the discriminating power of 18.7% with a very good category and 39.6% with a good category. The TTMC instrument developed for measuring biotechnology material is sufficient to measure understanding of biotechnology with 41.6% of consistency. The research results show that the two-tier tests are effective in determining the students' conceptual understanding of biotechnology and can also be used as an alternative for evaluating student learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study are; (1) Describe the implicatures contained in the Laskar Pelangi novel and the dreams of Lintang Maryamah Karpov by Andrea Hirata, (2) Describe deixis contained in the Laskar Pelangi novel and the dreams of Lintang Maryamah Karpov by Andrea Hirata. This research includes qualitative descriptive research. The focus of this research is identifying; (1) variety and form of implicature (2) variety of deixis. Data collection uses marking reading techniques and note taking techniques. Data analysis using the mindset includes; (1) data reduction, (2) presentation, and (3) data conclusions and verification. The results of this study, namely the variety of implicatures contained in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata are divided into three, namely conventional implicatures, presupposition implicatures, and nonconventional implicatures. The various implicatures are then realized in four forms, namely sentence statements, command sentences, question sentences, and exclamation sentences. Similarly, the novel Laskar Pelangi novel by Andrea Hirata Maryamah Karpov was found to range and form the same implicatures. Deixis in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata can be divided into five, namely individual deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Individual deixis is divided into two, namely the first person deixis and the third person deixis. Deixis place is divided into three, namely proximal deixis, semiproximal deixis, and distal deixis. Deixis time divided into three namely deixis plainly past, deixis present, and future deixis. Discourse deixis is divided into two, namely anaphora deixis and katafora deixis. Social deixis is divided into two, namely deixis euphemism and deixis of honorifics. The five deixis are also found in Maryamah Karpov's novel. But, in Maryamah Karpov's novel, the variety of katafora dixis is not found.