Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of mortality in stroke patients. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have important functions in brain disease, however their expression profiles in SAH remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression signatures of LncRNAs and mRNAs in early brain injury (EBI) following SAH in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into an SAH group and a sham operation group. The expression signatures of the LncRNAs and mRNAs in the temporal lobe cortex were investigated using a rat LncRNAs array following experimental SAH. The results revealed that there were 144 downregulated and 64 upregulated LncRNAs and 181 downregulated and 221 upregulated mRNAs following SAH. Additionally, two upregulated (BC092207, MRuc008hvl) and three downregulated (XR_006756, MRAK038897, MRAK017168) LncRNAs were confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The differentially expressed mRNAs were further analyzed using the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The pathway analysis results provided by the KEGG database indicated that eight pathways associated with inflammation were involved in EBI following SAH. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the expression profiles of the LncRNAs and mRNAs were significantly different between the SAH-induced EBI group and the sham operation group. These differently expressed LncRNAs may be important in EBI following SAH.

The catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of thiols with amines to produce desired sulfenamides and disulfides is an important catalytic reaction in industry. Presented herein is a protocol for the highly efficient electrochemical dehydrogenative coupling of thiols with amines/thiols to form S-N/S-S bonds, enabling the synthesis of S-N/S-S bonds under ambient conditions in the absence of oxidants, acids/bases or toxic (explosive) electrolytes, and the majority of the corresponding products are generated in yields of up to 99%. This protocol is believed to have great potential for industrial application.

Chiral amines are key building blocks for the development of numerous bioactive compounds. In this study, we developed a concurrent chemoenzymatic cascade approach using ω-transaminase for the isomeric configuration inversion of a racemic amine mixture. One isomer was transaminated using ω-transaminase, generating coproduct ketones and an additional chiral substance. Then, the mixture underwent selective reductive amination of a ketone using a specially designed compatible nickel-based nanocatalyst, which transformed coproduct ketone to racemic amines while leaving the opposite enantiomer unchanged. The combination of the two steps in one reaction system functions as an overall isomeric configuration inversion system. Moreover, the desired chiral amines with an additional chiral substance were formed. The procedure consumed NH3 and generated H2O as the sole byproduct.

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