The occurrence of a new invasive pest species of corn, the fall armyworms Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia is reported. Survey in 3 provinces in Indonesia: West Sumatera, Banten and West Java were conducted from March to June 2019. The first record of this pest was in 26 March 2019 in West Sumatera. Larvae were collected from each of those locations and field symptoms of damage on corn in the field were observed. Larvae were brought to and reared individually in Insect Biosystematics Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Identification of fall armyworm employed morphological and molecular analysis. Identification of the larva based on morphological characters of larvae from 3 provinces confirmed the identity of the pest. The pest as fall armyworms, while the molecular analysis indicated that Banten samples belonged to the ‘rice strain’. Collected larvae from Banten were infected by Metarhizium rileyi. The infested plants in the field showed the typical damage symptoms caused by the fall armyworm.

Abstract. Russianzi W, Anwar R, Triwidodo H. 2021. Biostatistics of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in maize plants in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3463-3469. Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive species that has become important pest of maize in Indonesia since 2019. This research was aimed to study the biology and demographic statistics of FAW in maize at Bogor. Daily observations of 132 FAW individuals from egg to death were carried out as the basis for compiling biology and life table. The demographic statistics of FAW were calculated using the Jackknife approach from the basic life table data. ImagoFAW actives at night. Mating activity occurs between 06.00 pm – 04.00 am, while egg-laying activity occurs between 06.00 pm-10.00 pm. Most hatching occurs between 00.00 am - 02.00 am. FAW has 6 larvae instars and there is no difference in stage between larvae that develop into male and female, which is around 15 days. The male pupae stage was longer than the female pupae, 8.78 ± 0.12 days and 7.81 ± 0.15 days. Male and female imagoes have the same life cycle, which is about 10 days. The life cycle of FAW was 32.26 ± 0.41 days, with a preoviposition period of 2.56 ± 0.45 days. Fecundity of FAW reaches 1012.62 ± 99.12 eggs per female imago. The population of FAW in Bogor has an intrinsic growth rate of 0.154 ± 0.001 individuals/day, with gross reproduction rate of 0.154 ± 0.001 individuals per generation, and net reproduction rate of 104.781 ± 0.155 individuals per imago per generation and a generation time of 30.114 ± 0.002 days.

Helopeltis sp. has been known as one of major pests on tea, cacao and cashew plantation. Recently, genus Helopeltis is also reported attack Acacia plantation in Sumatra and Kalimantan. For such extensive plantation, low cost biocontrol agents like entomopathogenic fungi are choosen because of the simplicity for mass production. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii against Helopeltis sp. Both fungi that were used in this study were obtained from IPB Insect Pathology Laboratory. The tested insect, Helopeltis sp. was collected from Gunung Mas tea plantation. The insects were reared in laboratory. Four level of conidial density, 109, 108, 107, 106 conidia/ mL were applied to Helopeltis adult (B. bassiana) and 3rdinstar nymph (L. lecanii). Daily mortality was observed until seven days post treatment. The result showed that L. lecanii at 106 conidia/mL caused 96.25% mortality of 3rd instar nymph of Helopeltis sp. with the LC50 value at two days observation was 1.03 x 106 conidia/ mL, LT50 was 1.198 days and LT95 was 5.25 days. On the other hand, B. bassiana at 106 conidia/ mL caused 81.25%. mortality of adult Helopeltis sp. while 100% mortality could be attained by using 108 conidia/ mL. The LC50 of B. bassiana was 3.2 x 104 conidia/ mL, at four days observation and LT50 was 4.214 days. The two fungi were thus judged effective against Helopeltis sp. in this bio assay.Key words: Beauveria bassiana, conidia, density, Helopeltis sp., Lecanicillium lecanii, mortality.

Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) merupakan hama penting pada tanaman pepaya. Salah satu kendala dalam pengendalian hama ini adalah adanya lapisan lilin yang menutupi tubuh serangga sehingga pengendalian dengan insektisida kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak Piper retrofractum (Pr), Anonna squamosa (As), dan Tephrosia vogelii (Tv) serta campurannya untuk mengendalikan P. marginatus. Setiap ekstrak diuji terhadap imago betina P. marginatus dengan metode semprot serangga pada daun dan setiap perlakuan diamati mortalitasnya pada 24, 48, dan 72 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf LC95 - 72 JSP, ekstrak Tv dan As 3 kali lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan Pr terhadap imago P. marginatus. Konsentrasi ekstrak tunggal yang efektif untuk mematikan sekitar 95% populasi P. marginatus (LC95) adalah 1,250% (Tv), 1,482% (Pr), dan 0,469% (As). Campuran ekstrak Tv + As (2 : 1 w/w) dan As + Pr (2 : 1 w/w) sekitar 1,67 kali lebih efektif terhadap imago P. marginatus daripada campuran ekstrak Tv + Pr (2 : 1 w/w). Berdasarkan indeks kombinasi pada pengamatan 72 JSP, campuran ekstrak Tv + As dan Tv + Pr bersifat sinergistik lemah, sedangkan campuran ekstrak As + Pr bersifat aditif. Selain menimbulkan kematian, perlakuan dengan menggunakan semua ekstrak uji juga mengganggu proses pembentukan lilin yang menutupi telur (kantung telur). Dengan demikian, ekstrak Pr, As, dan Tv, serta campurannya pada perbandingan tertentu berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pengendalian hama P. marginatus karena memiliki toksisitas dan sifat campuran yang cukup baik.

Asparagus merupakan tanaman dari golongan hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi pada kancah global maupun nasional. Tanaman asparagus di Indonesia merupakan jenis varietas dari hasil introduksi negara yang berada di kawasan subtropis, hal ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman asparagus tidak dapat optimal di Indonesia. Selain itu, kondisi suhu dan kelembaban yang tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan tanaman asparagus rentan terserang oleh penyakit dan hama. Desa Cigunungsari belum lama melakukan budidaya tanaman asparagus sehingga banyak masalah yang terjadi. Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) adalah hama utama yang menyerang asparagus di Desa Cigunungsari sehingga mengakibatkan adanya penurunan pada jumlah panen serta kualitas asparagus, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Upaya yang dilakukan yaitu melakukan sosialisasi pestisida nabati dari limbah kulit bawang merah kepada masyarakat Desa Cigunungsari. Ulat grayak memiliki sifat yang polifag sehingga memungkinkan untuk menyerang tanaman lain. Pembuatan pestisida nabati cukup mudah dilakukan, yakni merendam kulit bawang dengan toples berisi air. Rendaman tersebut kemudian ditutup rapat dan difermentasi selama 48 jam sebelum diaplikasikan. Pestisida nabati ini masih belum dapat dinyatakan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak. Stadia telur merupakan stadia yang dilaporkan petani berhasil dikendalikan serta pestisida ini bersifat repelen bagi semut.