Background Among the studies on the relationship between marine polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and health, few studies have focused on docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and cardiovascular health. And the health effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) were not consistent.Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different types of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes and cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality in adult U.S. males with dyslipidemia.Methods Adult male with dyslipidemia in the study were screened from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2016. Death outcomes were determined by linking them to National Death Index (NDI) records through 2019. Weighted logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used in the study.Results In the fully adjusted models, participants with the highest tertile of dietary docosapentaenoic acid had lower risks of angina (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.37–0.77), stroke (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.42–0.87), all-cause death (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.67–0.92) and CVD-specific death (HR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55–0.98) than those with the lowest tertile. The risks of cardiovascular disease, all-cause death, and cardiovascular disease-specific death among participants in the highest tertile of EPA and DHA were not significantly different from those in the lowest tertile (p > 0.05).Conclusions Cardiovascular disease risk, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were inversely associated with dietary DPA intake but not EPA and DHA intakes in U.S. male participants with dyslipidemia.

Background: Many investigations have explored the relationship between dietary intake and obesity risk/incidence, but they have only assessed obesity-related dietary patterns and/or single nutrients, not taking into account the diversity of dietary variables or multicollinearity among multiple nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to use logistic LASSO regression combined with logistic regression to overcome multicollinearity, and overall investigate the possible association between dietary factors and obesity by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2016). Method: Logistic LASSO regression was performed to examine the relationship between 59 dietary variables, and subsequently identify the most relevant variables associated with obesity. Then we used logistic regression to test the relevant variables, and finally used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to test the effect of logistic regression. Using the methods described above, we explored the relationship between dietary intake and obesity in 12135 NHANES participants (2007-2016). Result: The set of factors screened by LASSO regression, obesity risk factors including cholesterol and PFUA 20:4 (β>0); protective factors including vitamin E, caffeine, folate, vitamin C and copper (β<0). Ultimately, after multivariate unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression tests as well as ROC tests, four in the factor set associated with obesity were selected. Statistically significant dietary factors only folate (OR=0.80), vitamin C (OR=0.95), copper (OR=0.60) and PFUA 20:4 (OR=2.57) in adjusted logistic regression. Conclusion: Dietary intake of folate, vitamin C and copper negatively correlated with obesity, but PFUA 20:4 positively inversely. Necessary to assess the effective levels of folate, vitamin C and copper supplementation in obese subjects.