One of the most promising technologies that is driving digitalization in several industries is Digital Twin (DT). DT refers to the digital replica or model of any physical object (physical twin). What differentiates DT from simulation and other digital or CAD models is the automatic bidirectional exchange of data between digital and physical twins in real-time. The benefits of implementing DT in any sector include reduced operational costs and time, increased productivity, better decision making, improved predictive/preventive maintenance, etc. As a result, its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades as, with the advent of Industry 4.0, products and systems have become more intelligent, relaying on collection and storing incremental amounts of data. Connecting that data effectively to DTs can open up many new opportunities and this paper explores different industrial sectors where the implementation of DT is taking advantage of these opportunities and how these opportunities are taking the industry forward. The paper covers the applications of DT in 13 different industries including the manufacturing, agriculture, education, construction, medicine, and retail, along with the industrial use case in these industries.

Ever since its discovery, the applications of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) can be found across a range of application domains, from structural design to medical technology. This is based upon the unique and inherent characteristics such as thermal Shape Memory Effect (SME) and Superelasticity (or Pseudoelasticity). While thermal SME is used for shape morphing applications wherein temperature change can govern the shape and dimension of the SMA, Superelasticity allows the alloy to withstand a comparatively very high magnitude of loads without undergoing plastic deformation at higher temperatures. These unique properties in wearables have revolutionized the field, and from fabrics to exoskeletons, SMA has found its place in robotics and cobotics. This review article focuses on the most recent research work in the field of SMA-based smart wearables paired with robotic applications for human-robot interaction. The literature is categorized based on SMA property incorporated and on actuator or sensor-based concept. Further, use-cases or conceptual frameworks for SMA fiber in fabric for ‘Smart Jacket’ and SMA springs in the shoe soles for ‘Smart Shoes’ are proposed. The conceptual frameworks are built upon existing technologies; however, their utility in a smart factory concept is emphasized, and algorithms to achieve the same are proposed. The integration of the two concepts with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is discussed, specifically regarding minimizing hazards for the worker/user in Industry 5.0. The article aims to propel a discussion regarding the multi-faceted applications of SMAs in human-robot interaction and Industry 5.0. Furthermore, the challenges and the limitations of the smart alloy and the technological barriers restricting the growth of SMA applications in the field of smart wearables are observed and elaborated.

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In this study, attempt has been made to develop digital controller using a microcontroller to automate the bottling plant and to make it user-friendly for village entrepreneur of our country to increase the production of bottles filled with edible oils, country liquor alcohol, mustered oils, fruit juice, Jam, and Jelly, etc. In this era of rural industrialization, technological revolution/automation conventional plants with the manual bottle filling system are shrinking day by day due to high cost, low efficiency. As a result, the need for automated machinery is increasing in a very fast manner. To hold out the commitment of timely delivery of product and to meet the demand, hi-tech automated production even in rural areas has become essential. The grid interactive 1kW solar power supply as provided by the rural grid for 24x7days ensures the continuous production of this product. The field of automation has a notable impact in the rural society of our country. The design of the controller for automated bottling plant with limited capacity with 200 bottle capacity per shift in a day using microcontroller ATMEGA32, have been developed. The simulation study of functional and operational test on prototype unit has been performed, and the results have been found an encouraging one. The cost economy of prototype unit has been computed and analyzed, and the impact study has been carried out in rural society.