The efficacy of herbal mouthwash was equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash and may be considered as a good alternative. The chlorhexidine mouthwash was reported with many side effects which limits its acceptability and long-term use, whereas the presently tested herbal mouthwash had no side effects apart from mild burning sensation.

Aims and Objective:The aim of the study is to determine the effect of chewing gum containing xylitol and sorbitol on mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli count in saliva, plaque, and gingival health and to compare the efficacy of chewing gums.Materials and Methods:The study was designed as a double-blinded randomized uncontrolled clinical trial with two parallel arms. A total of 80 students consented and completed the study. The test group (X) received corresponding pellets with xylitol and the control group (S) was given pellets containing sorbitol and maltitol three times daily for 30 days. Clinical scoring and saliva samples were collected at three different intervals, at baseline, 15th, and 30th day of the study. The outcome measure was plaque index score, gingival index score, salivary mutans streptococci, and Lactobacilli counts. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0).Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of mutans streptococci count of test and control group at baseline and 15th day, but there was statistically highly significant difference (P = 0.00) between the mean of mutans streptococci count in test and control group on the 30th day. The mean of Lactobacilli count, plaque index, and gingival index score between test and control group showed no statistically significant difference at baseline, 15th day, and 30th day.Conclusion:The results suggest that only xylitol gum may interfere with the mutans streptococci composition and reduce it after continuous use of 30 days effectively as compared to sorbitol gum, but both the gums are equally effective on salivary Lactobacilli, plaque, and gingiva at different intervals.

A sustainable university campus uses energy that does not produce carbon dioxide, protects natural ecosystems, cuts down on the use of natural resources, and recycles or reuses waste in a useful way. The first steps toward a sustainable campus initiative are to use less energy from fossil fuels, use more energy sources that do not rely on carbon, use more energy-efficient technology, recycle waste, and add more greenery to the campus. The Higher Learning Institutes also have a social duty to help people understand the idea of sustainability better. This paper’s primary objective is to study the research and development trends in the realm of sustainable development objectives as they pertain to university campuses. The researchers have undertaken a comprehensive literature study and bibliometric analysis of the pertinent articles. Comprehensive use of the VOSviewer software to map current studies on sustainable energy-efficient green campuses. 707 scientific papers (published between 2012 and 2021) were obtained from SCOPUS for the bibliometric analysis for the influential authors, top-cited articles, and co-citation analysis, while 31 articles published in the United States and India were selected for the systematic literature review to assess the trends and future research directions on this subject. According to the findings, the most researched topics are carbon-neutral campuses, smart technology, food and waste management, transportation, and sustainable campuses, with future research focusing on less explored topics such as energy-efficient campus planning, green infrastructure, and landscape design, and photovoltaics. Since it identifies current research hotspots and new study routes, this paper will be a great resource for academics and practitioners interested in sustainable and energy-efficient green campuses.

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