IntroductionThis article examines mediators and moderators that may explain the link between smartphone addiction and phubbing behavior using a sample of 794 university students.MethodsA mediation model was tested to test the hypothesis that social comparison orientation and fear of missing out would mediate the link between smartphone addiction and phubbing behavior. Additionally, a moderated mediation model was leveraged to examine loneliness as a moderator within the hypothesized model. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS.Results and DiscussionThe findings show a significant positive relationship between smartphone addiction and phubbing behavior. The findings confirm the hypothesized associations and reveal that smartphone addiction is positively linked to phubbing behavior. The link, on the other hand, is partially and sequentially mediated by the fear of missing out and social comparison orientation. As a result, both mediators might be regarded as proximal variables of phubbing behavior. Moreover, the associations between both smart addiction and phubbing behaviors as well as social comparison orientation and phubbing behaviors are moderated by loneliness. These two effects were stronger for university students with high loneliness than for those with low loneliness. This study addresses a major gap in the clinical psychology literature through the attempt to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and increased phubbing behavior among university students.

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Cognitive styles are the thinking patterns that greatly influence our day to day activities. People may adopt specific learning styles to the way they want to act. Creativity is an important aspect and a great requirement of now a day’s organization because competition is so enhanced that it is an important aspectto be a part of market. So there is a need to explore what types of learning styles and cognitive styles will help the employees to be creative. The key variables of this study were Cognitive styles (CS), Learning styles (LS) and Employee Creativity (EC). The main purpose was to study cognitive styles as a moderator in relationship of learning styles and employee creativity; and to explore these variables further. Descriptive research design was used and data was collected from 450 employees in different sectors(public and private) through convenient sampling from banks, insurance and telecommunication sectors of Multan. Participants responded to cognitive style inventory (CS; Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen, and Westney, 1997), Learning Style Questionnaire (LS; O Brein 1985), and Employee Creativity Questionnaire (EC; Tierney et al. in 1999)in order to study the target variables. Descriptive statistics and reliability of scales was calculated. One way ANOVA, t-test was calculated by using SPSS. To check moderation, Partial least square structural Equation modeling (smart PLS) were used. Cognitive styles had significant moderating effect on learning styles and employee creativity. Limitations and suggestions are discussed.

The current study investigated the link between motivation and decision-making strategies of employees working on managerial positions in different organizations of Multan. Additionally, participants were compared across gender, marital status, age groups and organizational set up. The sample included 164 men and 68 women (N = 232, Mage 38.5 years). Work Preference Inventory and General Decision-Making Style Questionnaire were administered in order to measure intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and a range of decision-making styles respectively. Correlational analysis showed significant inverse association of dependent decision-making style with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation yet only extrinsic motivation proved to be a significant predictor of dependent style in regression analysis. Results of t-test showed that men preferred rationale style women scored higher on dependent and avoidant styles of making decisions than men. Decision making ability of married employees was better than unmarried. Differences across gender and marital status were non-significant on level of motivation and its types. Private sector employees showed greater motivation than public sector employees, however both were alike in decision making except for dependent style that was preferred by public sector employees. Younger group was more intrinsically motivated while older groups were more dependent in decision making as compared with the younger group. Findings are discussed for improvement of organizational set up.