RESUMO Objetivo:Identifi car e quantifi car os fatores de risco para óbito neonatal em Taubaté, São Paulo.Métodos: Trata-se de estudo caso-controle com dados de nascidos vivos e de óbitos neonatais de Taubaté, em 2003, obtidos da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo. Os casos (óbitos neonatais) e os controles (recém-nascidos nos mesmos dias daqueles que faleceram) foram reunidos num banco por meio da técnica de linkage. As variáveis independentes foram: variáveis sociodemográfi cas e assistenciais (idade e escolaridade maternas, paridade, consultas no pré-natal, tipo de parto e relato de natimorto) e variáveis biológicas (peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, escore de Apgar, presença de defeito congênito e sexo). Utilizou-se a regressão logística para identifi car e quantifi car os efeitos destas variáveis em relação ao óbito neonatal pelo programa SPSS 10.0. Foram introduzidas no modelo as variáveis que apresentaram p<0,20 na análise univariada e permaneceram aquelas com p<0,05.Resultados: Foram analisados 392 recém-nascidos, sendo 34 óbitos. Havia 198 do sexo masculino (51%), 60 com baixo peso (15%) e 51 prematuros (13%). A idade materna média foi 26 anos. As variáveis "baixo peso ao nascer", "Apgar <8" e "presença de defeito congênito" associaram-se signifi cativamente à presença de óbito neonatal. O modelo explicou 58% dos óbitos, mostrando acurácia de 93%.Conclusões: Os fatores de risco encontrados mostram a importância da prevenção do baixo peso e do bom atendimento na sala de parto, tendo o modelo mostrado boa acurácia e bom poder explicativo para o óbito neonatal.Palavras-chave: mortalidade neonatal; defeitos congêni-tos; recém-nascido de baixo peso; fatores de risco. ABSTRACTObjective: To identify and to estimate the risk factors associated to neonatal mortality in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil.Methods: This case-control study enrolled live births in the city of Taubaté during 2003. Live birth data and death records were obtained from São Paulo Health Department. Neonatal deaths were cases and babies born alive in the same day of cases were the controls. A single data fi le was created by linkage approach. Dependent variable was neonatal death. Independent variables were those related to socio-demographic characteristics and prenatal care (maternal age, years in school, parity, previous stillbirths, prenatal care), as well as the biological ones (birthweight, gender, gestational age, congenital defects and Apgar score). Logistic regression was used to identify and to estimate the risk factors associated to neonatal death. The variables with p<0.20 were introduced in the model and maintained if p<0.05, by SPSS 10.0.Results: 392newborns with 34 neonatal deaths were studied. There were 198 males (50%), 60 low birth weight (15%) and 51 preterm infants (13%). Mean maternal age was 26 years. The variables "low birth weight", "Apgar score <8" and "congenital defects" were signifi cantly associated to neonatal deaths. The model explained 58% of neonatal deaths, with an accuracy of 93%.Conclusions: The risk fact...
Objective: To identify the spatial pattern for prematurity rate in Taubaté, SP Brazil.Methods: Exploratory ecological study of live births with gestational ages between 22 and 36 weeks, from the city of Taubaté, SP, in 2003. The spatial analysis used the software TerraView, and the of Moran's index (I M ) for preterm births, according to mother's age (younger than 20 years old and over 34 years old) and maternal education (incomplete high school). The cases of premature deliveries were treated by counts for each census sector; thematic maps were built for each situation, the BoxMap identified areas that need health care intervention.Results: There were 3,914 live births in 2003, and 281 preterm infants (7.2%). The I M for preterm deliveries was 0.07, (p=0.02), showing a spatial correlation in certain regions of the municipality. The I M for maternal age was 0.03, (p=0.20), and for mother's education, 0.13 (p=0.01). The BoxMap showed 32 census sectors that require intervention. Conclusions:The spatial approach has identified a geographic pattern for premature deliveries in the city of Taubaté. The use of this tool may help planning neonatal care. Key Ruth Sampaio Paulucci et alMétodos: Se trata de un estudio ecológico exploratorio con datos de nacidos vivos con edad gestacional entre 22 y 36 semanas de gestación, del municipio de Taubaté, SP, el año de 2003. El análisis espacial utilizó el programa TerraView, cuyo abordaje fue por el índice de Moran global (IM) para los nacimientos prematuros, conforme a la edad de la madre (menores de 20 años y mayores de 35 años) y escolaridad materna (secundaria incompleta). Los casos de partos prematuros fueron tratados bajo la forma de recuento para cada sector censitario; se construyeron mapas temáticos para cada situación además del BoxMap, que identifica las regiones que necesitan de intervención en la asistencia a la salud.Resultados: Fueron 3.914 nacidos vivos el año de 2003, siendo 281 prematuros (7,2% del total de nacimientos). La tasa encontrada de Moran global para partos prematuros fue I M =0,07, (p=0,02), mostrando una correlación espacial en determinadas regiones del municipio; para la edad materna, se obtuvo I M =0,03 (p=0,20); para la escolaridad de la madre, I M =0,13 (p=0,01). El BoxMap mostró 32 sectores censitarios que necesitan intervención.Conclusiones: El abordaje espacial identificó estándar espacial para el parto prematuro en el municipio de Taubaté, donde los extremos este y oeste fueron los que obtuvieron mayores índices, además de sectores al sur de la ruta Via Dutra y cerca de la Ruta Osvaldo Cruz.Palabras clave: prematuro; epidemiología; vigilancia epidemiológica; factores de riesgo; distribución espacial de la población.
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