HO x 1/8 Gyr) raised under similar handling and feeding conditions. The sample collection was carried out between January and March 2013. To compare the quality of milk among breeds genetic compositions, the study was set up in a completely randomized design. Data of variables fat, protein, lactose contents, fat free dry matter (DDE), urea, somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, pH, titratable acidity and production were submitted to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at 5% probability for comparison of means between treatment 1 (1/2 HO x 1/2 Gyr), treatment 2 (3/4 HO x 1/4 Gyr) and treatment 3 (7/8 HO x 1/8 Gyr). Statistical analyses were performed using the SISVAR ®-UFLA software. Correlation analysis between variables was performed using the ASSISTAT software. The results demonstrate that the genetic makeup of the different races holstein / Gyr primiparous cows did not affect the quality of the milk produced. The values of the chemical constituents of milk have been considered suitable for human consumption. Titratable acidity and milk production were higher for 3/4 Holstein/Gyr animals.

The peel of passion fruit has interesting properties, mainly as a source of dietary fiber, but there are few studies concerning the use of this portion of the fruit. This work aimed to evaluate the use of passion fruit peel to obtain flour through the characterization of the physicochemical properties of the peel of fresh passion fruit and subjected to drying process. Subsequently, the samples underwent weight loss process and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We evaluated the moisture content, dry matter, crude protein and ash, lipids, water activity, instrumental color parameters, absorption rate in milk, the solubility rate in milk, absorption rate in milk drink, rate solubility milk drink, the mathematical modeling of mass loss and scanning electron microscopy to passion fruit peel flour. The quantification of chemical and physical characteristics indicated that the flour may have potential for use in dairy beverages. The considerable concentration of fiber, especially insoluble fiber which obtained value of 23.70%, supposes that this flour can be studied for use in enrichment of food products. Fiber analysis confirmed the presence of this material and SEM showed that the starch can be degraded by drying and lipid extraction. The peel of the passion fruit can be reused by flour production which indicates that fruit has potential for products enrichment.

This study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, and centesimal composition of the meat of intact and castrated lambs of the Santa Inês breed and of the crossbred animals: one-half Santa Inês × one-half Texel. Thirty-four lambs were used, nine intact and nine castrated males of the Santa Inês breed, and seven intact and nine castrated crossbred males, all aged between 6 and 7 mo and with an average live weight of 18.2 kg. The design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial (two crossing and two sexual conditions), with statistical analyses performed in the STAT version 9.4 program. There was a significant difference the Santa Inês and the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals in feed conversion and average daily gain, with superiority of the latter group. Castration of animals aged <12 mo had no significant effect on the performance and on the carcass traits of the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals, whereas the genotype had a great influence on weight gain and on subjective and quantitative carcass characteristics, demonstrating that crosses in sheep are needed to explore the complementarity of breeds, and heterosis is needed to achieve better performances and carcass characteristics.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate milk composition and metabolic profile of Holstein cows at different calving orders in the beginning, middle, and end of lactation. One hundred ten Holstein cows were housed in a free stall system receiving the same diet and were grouped according to calving order (first, second, third, and fourth calving) and days in milk (DIM): early (1-90 DIM), middle (91-180 DIM), and end of lactation (over 181 DIM) for comparing milk yield, milk composition, and blood metabolic profile between the calving orders within the same lactation period. These parameters were also evaluated between lactation periods of the cows in different calving orders. The calving order, in any lactation stage, had no influence on milk yield per day and blood biochemical profile of Holstein cows receiving the same diet. However, calving order in all stages of lactation influenced milk composition. The first, second, third, and fourth calving order had no effect on the blood biochemical profile of Holstein cows, in any lactation stage. On the other hand, the different stages of lactation influenced milk yield and milk composition of Holstein cows.Keywords: biochemical profile, lactation period, milk quality.Composição do leite e perfil metabólico sanguíneo de vacas holandesas em diferentes ordens de parto e estádios de lactação RESUMO. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição do leite e perfil metabólico de vacas da raça Holandesa em diferentes ordens de parto, no início, meio e fim de lactação. Foram utilizadas 110 vacas mantidas em sistema Free stal, recebendo a mesma dieta. Os animais foram agrupados de acordo com a ordem de parto em diferentes dias em lactação (DEL), início (1-90 DEL), meio (91-180 DEL) e fim de lactação (mais de 181 DEL), para a comparação da produção de leite, composição química do leite e perfil metabólico do sangue entre as ordens de parto dentro do mesmo período de lactação. Estes parâmetros também foram avaliados entre os períodos de lactação das vacas em diferentes ordens de parto. A ordem de parto, em nenhum estádio de lactação, influenciou a produção de leite por dia e o perfil bioquímico do sangue de vacas Holandesas que recebiam a mesma dieta. Entretanto, a ordem de parto em todos estádios de lactação influenciou a composição química do leite. A primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta ordem de parto em nenhum estádio de lactação influenciaram o perfil bioquímico do sangue de vacas Holandesas. Por outro lado, diferentes estádios de lactação influenciaram a produção e composição química do leite.Palavras-chave: perfil bioquímico, período de lactação, qualidade do leite.

A refrigeração do leite e a utilização de ordenhadeiras mecânicas são de suma importância para obtenção de leite de acordo com os padrões de qualidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do tipo de ordenha e do armazenamento sobre a qualidade do leite refrigerado. Foram coletadas 1363 amostras de leite refrigerado armazenado em tanques de expansão individual ou coletivo, de animais ordenhados manualmente e mecanicamente. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, dois tipos de tanques de expansão (individual e coletivo) e dois tipos de ordenha (manual e mecânica). Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Para comparação das médias empregou-se o software Sisvar e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os teores de gordura, proteína, lactose e ESD (extrato seco desengordurado), avaliados de acordo com o tipo de ordenha e tipo de armazenamento do leite, foram maiores se comparados aos valores estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. O teor de gordura do leite foi maior em amostras com CCS (contagem de células somáticas) acima de 501 mil CS/mL, porém os teores de proteína e de extrato seco desengordurado foram maiores em amostras com CCS abaixo de 500 mil CS/mL. O tipo de ordenha e tipo de armazenamento tem influencia sobre as características de qualidade do leite como teores de gordura, proteína, lactose e CCS. A composição química do leite apresentou-se de acordo com os valores estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. A CBT (contagem bacteriana total) não variou com o armazenamento e o tipo de ordenha.