This paper applies embedding knowledge into model based design method, an efficient and cost-effective way to develop embedded systems. The approach is based on a single design description in the graphical Matlab/Simulink environment that is used for FPGA emulation, ASIC design, verification and chip testing. This simulation-based approach gives a better understanding of design alternatives and tradeoffs than traditional prototype-based design methodologies. It enables to optimize design to meet predefined performance criteria. The methodology is tested for designing VCO and the simulation results confirm the efficiency of presented methodology.

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With the technological progress of human beings, more and more animal and bird species are being endangered and sometimes even going to the verge of extinction. However, the existence of birds is highly beneficial for human civilization as birds help in pollination, destroying harmful insects for crops, etc. To ensure the healthy co-existence of all species along with human beings, almost all advanced countries have taken up some conservation measures for endangered species. To ensure conservation, the first step is to identify the species of birds found in different locations. Deep learning-based techniques are best suited for the automated identification of bird species from the captured images. In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network based bird image identification methodology has been proposed. Four different transfer learning-based architectures, namely Resnet152V2, Inception V3, Densenet201, and MobileNetV2 have been used for bird image classification and identification. The models have been trained using 58388 images belonging to 400 species of birds, and the models have been tested using 2000 images belonging to 400 species of birds. Out of these four models, Resnet152V2 and DenseNet201 performed comparatively well. The accuracy of Resnet152V2 was highest at 95.45%, but it faced a large loss of 0.8835. But based on the results, even though DenseNet201 had an accuracy of 95.05%, it faced less loss i.e., of 0.6854. The results show that the DenseNet201 model can further be used for real-life bird image classification.

The aim of this paper is to make available of a comprehensive review and to provide a reference of existing methodologies developed for enhancing of the energy efficiency of robots. In the present scenario of increased application of robots, the huge energy consumption is also being predicted. One of the possible solutions for energy consumption can be in terms of developing energy efficient robots. In the domain of energy efficient robot, different attempts are made in past, such as use of lightweight material, analysis of speed, identification of the least energy consuming trajectories and reduction of components weight by topology optimization, etc. The available methodologies to reduce the energy consumption of industrial robots are classified into two groups. The first group comprises of the different attempts of energy efficiency through trajectory optimization of the manipulator. Here, the energy required to perform a particular task is considered. The path is then optimized for minimum power consumption of the motors. This approach is applicable to task-specific cycles. The second group comprises the application of topology optimization method. Topology optimization approach is developed in the last decade and proved to be a promising approach for minimization of the mass of a structural member of machine component. Presented work will be helpful to understand the advancement in this domain.

Linear actuator is the most effective method for racing cars to reduce the shifting time. The paper elaborates a practical approached of designing and implementation of solenoid gear shifting. A solenoid has been widely used among electromagnetic actuators, because of its simple structure. It can be actuated in one or both the direction. Magnitude of the electromagnetic force can be easily controlled by changing the input current applied to the solenoid. Variation in input current will vary solenoid force. We designed and fabricate bidirectional solenoid. It has many advantages for the gear shifting in automobiles. It is compact in design and it improves driving performance of overall car. This solenoid uses a long loop of wire wrapped around a metallic core (plunger), and it produces a magnetic field to generate the linear motion of the plunger when an electric current is passed through the wire coil.