Resin infiltration is considered a treatment option for initial caries lesions. To prevent enamel lesion s from further demineralization a complete and homogeneous penetration of low-viscosity resins should be accomplished. The aim of this study was to compare the penetration abilities of 3 commercial products: Icon (DMG, Germany), Fluorodose (Centrix Inc. USA) and Tetric flow (IvoclarVivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein).Artificial white spot lesions were produced in 60 orthodontic extracted human premolars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups: F - weeklyapplication of 5%fluoride gel; IC � resin infiltration (Icon1-DMG) and T - treatment with composite resins (Tetric flow). Specimens were studied using confocal microscopy and penetration depths were determined. A good correlation between PC and penetration depth was thereby observed (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.820).

Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen, so in the medical field ozone therapy has special effects. Starting from the premise that bio-oxidative ozone therapy reduces the number of bacteria, in the present study two approaches were proposed: to evaluate the biological effects of ozone gas on the tooth enamel remineralization process and to demonstrate its impact on the morphology and confluence of human primary gingival cells, namely keratinocytes (PGK) and fibroblasts (HGF). The ozone produced by HealOzone was applied in vivo to 68 M1s (first permanent molars), both maxillary and mandibular, on the occlusal surfaces at pit and fissure. The molars included in the study recorded values between 13 and 24 according to the DIAGNOdent Pen 2190 scale, this being the main inclusion/exclusion criterion for the investigated molars. Because the gas can make contact with primary gingival cells during the ozonation process, both human gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes were exposed to different doses of ozone (20 s, 40 s, 60 s), and its effects were observed with the Olympus IX73 inverted microscope. The contact of ozone with the human primary gingival cells demonstrates cell sensitivity to the action of ozone, this being higher in fibroblasts compared to keratinocytes, but it is not considered toxic because all the changes are reversible at 48 h after exposure.

Purpose of the articleto carry out an epidemiological study on the use of sealing as a method of preventing dental caries and to assess the tightness and integrity over time of composite resins used to seal pits and fissures using the VistaCam iX intraoral fluorescence camera. Based on the premise that dentists do not have enough confidence in sealing pits and fissures as a method of preventing dental caries, we assessed if sealing is used in current practice as a prevention metod of tooth decay, and we measured, with high performance intraoral camera such as the VistaCam iX device, the tightness and integrity of composite resin seals.

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) requires systematically collected and standardized data.AimTo describe a novel multilevel calibration procedure in primary dentition.DesignCalibration method involved two calibration levels: the first (L1) involved an interexaminer agreement between three main investigators, the group leaders (GLs) in the following level; the second level (L2) involved three groups of 11 paediatric dentists and interexaminer agreement assessment according to the GLs in each group. The study sample consisted of 650 primary teeth surfaces in eight children (mean age 6.56 ± 2.22 years). Surface‐by‐surface percent agreement, tooth‐by‐tooth percent agreement, Cohen's kappa, and Fleiss kappa statistics were used to calculate interexaminer reliability. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 27.0.ResultsSurface‐by‐surface percent agreement regarding ICDASepi‐merged revealed almost perfect agreement (>90.00%) on both L1 and L2. Kappa values and ranges showed good agreement at both L1 (overall κ = .95) and L2 (overall κ = .98) and almost perfect consistency was detected between GLs at L1 (>91.30%) and substantial agreement at L2 (>85.00%). All examiners at L2 showed almost perfect positive agreement (sensitivity = 96.77%–100%) when detecting the presence of dental plaque.ConclusionThe calibration procedure appeared feasible prior to organizing multicenter epidemiological oral health survey in large population groups of preschool children, with higher number of examiners.