Viola tricolor L. (heartsease) has been traditionally utilized as an herbal medicine internally to treat upper-respiratory problems (catarrh and cough) and externally to treat skin disorders such as eczema, seborrhea, impetigo, and acne, also employed in cystitis and as a diuretic. Viola taxes revealed to be a rich source of cyclotides and flavone glycosides. [1] Anthocyanins, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, saponins, carotenoids, salicylic acid and other phenolic acids are constituents of V. tricolor herb. [2,3] Rutin was earlier isolated by the use of paper chromatography as the main flavonoid constituent from the plant. [2] The flavonoids contents of heartsease were reinvestigated in the methanolic extracts of a commercial dried plant material by Vukics et al. [3] using NMR, LC-MS and HPLC techniques. According to these authors, the main flavonoid component was identified as violanthin (6-C-glucosyl-8-C-rhamnosylapigenin) followed by rutin, both in significant quantities. [3,4] Rutin (3-O-rhamnoglucosyl quercetin) is found in many typical nutrimental plants and is an important dietary constituent of food and plant-based beverages. Several analytical techniques have been described for rutin

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Polymeric nanoparticles have been the focus of several researches in the last three decades in diverse areas including the delivery of pharmaceutical, diagnostic and cosmetic agents. These nanocarriers are able to improve the bioavailability and intrinsic solubility of drugs, to target different agents to a specific location or to protect the agent against extrinsic factors, such as radiation and extreme pH conditions. Despite the high interest in the development of these formulations, they hold some disadvantages like the limited physicochemical stability, which hinders the scaling-up of the preparation methods. In this context, spray-drying techniques have been proposed to obtain powder compositions containing polymeric nanoparticles allowing this limited property to be circumvented. In this context, this review is focused on the latest patents related to obtaining spray-dried polymeric nanoparticles, which have been divided into three different groups, according to their approach: i) spray-drying solutions to obtain nanoparticles, ii) spray-drying emulsions/ dispersions to obtain nanoparticles, and iii) nanoparticles dried by spray-drying.

Our results suggest that both NiSO(4) sensitization and NP administration induced oxidation of cellular lipids and activated the antioxidant enzyme catalase to protect from this damage. These results also indicated that daily treatment with the free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol, as well as treatment with the nanoencapsulated clobetasol every other day, were able to prevent these redox alterations and protect against histological damage.