Purpose – Consumers’ attitudes, especially their attitudes towards health and taste, are significant in understanding and predicting dietary behaviour. In this research, Health and Taste Attitude Scales (HTAS) developed by Roininen et al. in 1999 for measuring health and taste attitudes of consumers, were applied in Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the same sub-scales can be identified as in HTAS applications abroad, to test the predictive validity of HTAS and to investigate respondents’ health and taste attitudes in the context of their socio-demographic characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data were gathered by means of focus groups and a survey – structured personal interviews by using a questionnaire. The research was conducted in July 2013 with 300 respondents participating. Findings – The same sub-scales were identified in Serbian consumer research as in HTAS applications abroad. Generally, all the Health sub-scales are useful predictors of consumption of several types of food perceived as healthy, while the Taste sub-scales (except Pleasure) are good predictors of consumption of both, food considered as tasty and food considered as not tasty. Out of socio-demographic variables, only age showed statistically significant correlations to some of the Taste sub-scales. Practical implications – Several recommendations for companies operating on the domestic food market were given in this paper. Originality/value – The first application of HTAS in Serbia, generally characterized by scarce food consumer research, was shown in this paper. It is also the first application of HTAS in a Southern European country.
Market segmentation implies dividing the market into smaller segments that are homogenous inside, and heterogenous in relation to one another. Market segmentation is a part of strategic marketing, together with targeting and positioning, preceded by marketing research and followed by creating, implementing and controlling the marketing mix. As well as being an essential field of academic research, market segmentation proved to be a very useful concept for managers. The market segmentation concept dates back almost six decades, but issues raised regarding market segmentation more than three decades ago are still relevant and the number of different approaches in answering these questions is high. Preference-based segmentation can also be viewed in this context. Differences in consumers' preferences are, in fact, one of the vital causes of market segmentation. Preference-based market segmentation can be conducted by using conjoint analysis in combination with cluster analysis. The benefits of such approach are multiple, as they give rise to opportunities for: formulating the questions in a manner similar to real-life purchasing situations; reducing the number of socially desirable answers; introducing several attributes of a given product thus enabling an insight into the relative importance of the product's attributes, and order of preferences for different levels of these attributes, and, based on this, defining different market segments; testing the significance of various other market segmentation criteria (sociodemographic, psychographic and/or behavioural) for profiling the established segments; increasing the comparability of results of different studies; using this approach in planned new product launches and on emerging and developing markets as well as studying the difference between expressed preferences and purchases, in terms of obstacles preventing preferences to transform into purchase phase. Besides theoretical aspects regarding market segmentation and preference-based market segmentation by using conjoint and cluster analysis, this article demonstrates the use of such approach in researching student population in Vojvodina (the northern province of the Republic of Serbia) and this population's preferences to yoghurt (250 questionnaires handed out, 123 returned filled in, 98 included in the final analysis). In addition to results at the total sample level, two segments were identified and differences between them were investigated. Implications to the questions raised in the theoretical section of the article were sought on the obtained results. The article also seeks to point to the benefits of using this approach in domestic conditions, where its use is almost negligible.
MaRkeTinG-TRendoVi i obRasci PonaŠanJa Sažetak: Da bi marketing mogao da deluje ex ante mora poznavati trendove (megatrendove i metatrendove) kojima se predviđaju buduće promene kod potrošača, u potrošnji, na proizvodima i kod konkurenata. Od jučerašnje industrijske ere, preko ere osvajanja svemira, pa do danas dominirajuće informacione ere, svet se kreće prema "eri čoveka". Ljudski potencijal (talenat, inovativnost, kreativnost) postaje glavna determinanta ekonomskog razvoja, koji će u budućnosti morati da se suoči sa novom stvarnošću koja će biti od velikog značaja, kako za menadžment kompanije tako i za individue. Društva i ekonomije svakodnevno podležu značajnim transformacijama koje se uz to dešavaju veoma brzo, skoro iz dana u dan. U poslednje vreme čini se kao da su same transformacije i njihova brzina opipljive. Tako npr. u ekonomiji sada dominirajući poslovni modeli biće redefinisani. Postojeći modeli kao posledice recesije kreirali su teške uslove koji društva čine ranjivijima ili čvršćima. Društveni sistem biće potrebno ponovo koncipirati, a vrednosne sisteme redefinisati. U području marketinga i poslovanja, pojava novih snaga zahteva nove koncepcije i prakse. Marketari shvataju potrebu za potpunijim, kohezivnim pristupom koji prevazilazi tradicionalni marketing koncept. Taj novi holistički koncept polazi od razvoja, dizajniranja i realizacije marketing programa, procesa i aktivnosti, kojima se priznaju širina i međuzavisnost efekata, tj. da je u marketingu sve značajno i da je neophodna široka, integrisana perspektiva. Promene kod potrošača usmerene su na traženje sopstvenog identiteta, a ponašanje je usmereno na način kako želi da ga okruženje vidi.
UVODSavremena dostignuća tehnološkog progresa, pre svega razvoja informacionih tehnologija, ruše sve prostorno-vremenske barijere koje postoje u jednom privrednom i društvenom sistemu. U odnosu na tradicionalno marketing okruženje, najveće promene, koje generišu aktuelni marketing ambijent preduzeća, vezuju se za tehnološku dimenziju -elektronsko okruženje, i poslediraju novom ulogom potrošača na tržištu i društvu. Nesumljivo je da je pojava Interneta donela revolucionarne promene u marketing i tehnološkom okruženju, i promenila odnose na tržištu jača-jući pregovaračku poziciju i povećavajući dominaciju potrošača u odnosu na preduzeća idruge tržišne subjekte. Ova tržišna zakonitost -premeštanje pregovaračke snage u lancu vrednosti sa proizvođača na potrošače, omogućava istima da svojim ponašanjem diktiraju uspeh ili propast pojedinih preduzeća i njihovih proizvoda i usluga. Opšte prihvaćeno razmišljanje aktuelne marketing teorije i prakse, je da je XXI vek adekvatnije nazivati vekom potrošača, nego vekom tehnologije jer je cilj nove tehnologije u poslovanju, u osnovi jeste povezivanje tehnoloških mogućnosti sa onim što potrošači žele.Iako nova tehnologija omogućava preduzećima puno veći uvid u ponašanje potrošača, potrebno je naglasiti da potrošači tu istu tehnologiju koriste za kontrolu svojih interakcija s preduzećima i drugim institucijama na tržištu, što podrazumeva i potpuno nove izazove koji se postavljaju ispred marketing teorije i prakse. Tehnološki progres se danas najviše posmatra kroz prizmu interneta čija primena u marketingu dobija eksponencijalni karakter. Analizom brojnih naučnih i stručnih radova, kao i posmatranjem i izučavanjem poslovne prakse preduzeća, moguće je zaključiti kako se internet postepeno razvio iz, prvenstveno komunikacijskog medija, u kanal prodaje i/ili distribucije, te konačno u platformu za upravljanje odnosima sa potrošačima i virtualnim društvenim zajednicama. Interaktivnost kao osnovna karakteristika interneta, omogućila je novu dimenziju kontakata i odnosa svih učesnika na tržištu, uz poseban naglasak na međusobno povezivanje i uspostavljanje odnosa između samih potrošača. Sa druge strane, digitalna priroda interneta omogućila je praćenje svih interakcija u elektronskom okruženju, što daje potpuno Apstrakt: Primena savremenih koncepata i metoda marketinga nameće se kao imperativ pred preduzeća u smislu njihovog opstanka, rasta i razvoja. Aktuelni tržišni ambijent, karakteriše izraziti dinamizam promena koje se primarno mogu posmatrati kroz tehnlološki progres i izmenjeno potrošačko ponašanje. Potrošači su danas veoma skeptični prema svim oblicima marketing poruka preduzeća, pa se stoga sve više okreću ka drugim tzv. nekomercijalnim izvorima informacija, pre svih, prijateljima i porodici sa kojima imaju veoma intenzivnu interpersonalnu komunikaciju koja opredeljujuće utiče na njihove stavove prema preduzećima, brendovima, proizvodima i uslugama. Sa druge strane, razvoj novih tehnologija, pre svega, informatičke i komunikacione, olakšao je potrošačima međusobne kontakte i ra...
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