Background The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is frequently used to measure frailty in critically ill adults. There is wide variation in the approach to analysing the relationship between the CFS score and mortality after admission to the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of modelling approach on the association between the CFS score and short-term mortality and quantify the prognostic value of frailty in this context. Methods We analysed data from two multicentre prospective cohort studies which enrolled intensive care unit patients ≥ 80 years old in 26 countries. The primary outcome was mortality within 30-days from admission to the ICU. Logistic regression models for both ICU and 30-day mortality included the CFS score as either a categorical, continuous or dichotomous variable and were adjusted for patient’s age, sex, reason for admission to the ICU, and admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Results The median age in the sample of 7487 consecutive patients was 84 years (IQR 81–87). The highest fraction of new prognostic information from frailty in the context of 30-day mortality was observed when the CFS score was treated as either a categorical variable using all original levels of frailty or a nonlinear continuous variable and was equal to 9% using these modelling approaches (p < 0.001). The relationship between the CFS score and mortality was nonlinear (p < 0.01). Conclusion Knowledge about a patient’s frailty status adds a substantial amount of new prognostic information at the moment of admission to the ICU. Arbitrary simplification of the CFS score into fewer groups than originally intended leads to a loss of information and should be avoided. Trial registration NCT03134807 (VIP1), NCT03370692 (VIP2)

Objectives: In the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), the time delay to achieve reperfusion of the infarction-related artery has been linked to survival rates. Primary or direct angioplasty has been found to be an excellent means of achieving reperfusion in acute ST-elevation MI compared to thrombolytic therapy in randomized trials. However, no mortality benefit of primary angioplasty over thrombolysis was observed in several registries, in which delays in performing primary angioplasty were longer. Our objectives were to evaluate the door-to-balloon time (DBT) in our institution and investigate its relationship with clinical and prognostic variables. Methods:We studied, retrospectively, 67 patients submitted to primary angioplasty, from January 1999 to November 2000. We divided our patient population into two groups. Group A (GA) included patients with DBT less than 120 min and group B (GB) patients with DBT greater or equal to 120 min. We evaluated several clinical variables, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on their first echocardiogram during hospitalization, admission Killip classification, in-hospital length of stay (LOS) and major cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and up to 6-month follow-up (in 23 patients). Results:The median DBT was 132 min and the mean was 165 min, with a standard deviation of 137 min for all the cases. We had 32 patients in the GA and 35 patients (52%) in the GB. We observed four in-hospital deaths, all in GB. The mean LVEF was 53.1 ± 9% in GA and 46.1 ± 13% in GB (P = 0.059). Admission Killip class greater than 1 was noted in three patients of each group. The in-hospital LOS was similar for both groups (GA = 8.35 ± 4 and GB = 8.33 ± 4 days; NS). In-hospital events occurred in eight patients of GA (25%) and seven patients of GB (20%; NS). Only five follow-up events occurred during the first 6 months, three events in GA patients and two in GB patients (NS). Conclusion:DBT greater than or equal to 2 h are common and in our population it occurred in more than half of the primary angioplasties. Greater than 2 h DBTs were associated with a trend to larger left ventricular dysfunction early after MI. Monitoring and measures to reduce DBT are crucial for the potential prognosis improvement offered by primary angioplasty and for the broadening of its use in the management of acute MI. P2Primary angioplasty versus streptokinase in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction PF Leite, M Park, VS Kawabata, MS Barduco, S Timerman, LF Cardoso, JAF Ramires Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil Because only a few studies about acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include elderly patients, we compared outcomes of patients aged 70 years or older with AMI who underwent thrombolysis or primary angioplasty treatment. Methods:From April 1995 to June 1999, 64 patients within 12 h of symptom onset and no contraindications for thrombolytic therapy were randomized in two groups. Group I (32 patients, 20 men) sub...

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Third International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine for Latin America plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and, potentially, a polymorphism in IRAK1 may alter the immune response impacting clinical outcome. P2 Gene expression and intracellular NF-κ κB activation after HMGB1 and LPS stimuli in neutrophils from septic patients

Objectives: In the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), the time delay to achieve reperfusion of the infarction-related artery has been linked to survival rates. Primary or direct angioplasty has been found to be an excellent means of achieving reperfusion in acute ST-elevation MI compared to thrombolytic therapy in randomized trials. However, no mortality benefit of primary angioplasty over thrombolysis was observed in several registries, in which delays in performing primary angioplasty were longer. Our objectives were to evaluate the door-to-balloon time (DBT) in our institution and investigate its relationship with clinical and prognostic variables. Methods:We studied, retrospectively, 67 patients submitted to primary angioplasty, from January 1999 to November 2000. We divided our patient population into two groups. Group A (GA) included patients with DBT less than 120 min and group B (GB) patients with DBT greater or equal to 120 min. We evaluated several clinical variables, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on their first echocardiogram during hospitalization, admission Killip classification, in-hospital length of stay (LOS) and major cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and up to 6-month follow-up (in 23 patients). Results:The median DBT was 132 min and the mean was 165 min, with a standard deviation of 137 min for all the cases. We had 32 patients in the GA and 35 patients (52%) in the GB. We observed four in-hospital deaths, all in GB. The mean LVEF was 53.1 ± 9% in GA and 46.1 ± 13% in GB (P = 0.059). Admission Killip class greater than 1 was noted in three patients of each group. The in-hospital LOS was similar for both groups (GA = 8.35 ± 4 and GB = 8.33 ± 4 days; NS). In-hospital events occurred in eight patients of GA (25%) and seven patients of GB (20%; NS). Only five follow-up events occurred during the first 6 months, three events in GA patients and two in GB patients (NS). Conclusion:DBT greater than or equal to 2 h are common and in our population it occurred in more than half of the primary angioplasties. Greater than 2 h DBTs were associated with a trend to larger left ventricular dysfunction early after MI. Monitoring and measures to reduce DBT are crucial for the potential prognosis improvement offered by primary angioplasty and for the broadening of its use in the management of acute MI. P2Primary angioplasty versus streptokinase in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction PF Leite, M Park, VS Kawabata, MS Barduco, S Timerman, LF Cardoso, JAF Ramires Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil Because only a few studies about acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include elderly patients, we compared outcomes of patients aged 70 years or older with AMI who underwent thrombolysis or primary angioplasty treatment. Methods:From April 1995 to June 1999, 64 patients within 12 h of symptom onset and no contraindications for thrombolytic therapy were randomized in two groups. Group I (32 patients, 20 men) sub...