Oncologic and reconstructive advancements in the management of patients with breast cancer and at high risk for breast cancer have led to improved outcomes and decreased patient morbidity. Traditional methods for prosthetic breast reconstructions have utilized total or partial muscle coverage of prosthetic devices. Although effective, placement of devices under the pectoralis major muscle can be associated with increased pain due to muscle spasm and animation deformities. Prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction has gained popularity in the plastic surgery community, and long-term outcomes have become available. This article will review the indications, technique, and current literature surrounding prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction.

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Background: Migraine is a debilitating neurologic condition, with a large socioeconomic impact. There is a subgroup of patients that does not adequately respond to pharmacologic management and may have underlying neuralgia. Surgical decompression of extracranial sensory nerves has been proposed as an alternative therapy. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for the surgical treatment of neuralgias. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to study the efficacy of decompression of extracranial sensory nerves as a treatment for neuralgia. Clinical studies were included that studied patients, aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with any definition of headache and were treated with extracranial nerve decompression surgery. Outcome parameters included intensity (on a 10-point scale), duration (in days), and frequency (of headaches per month). Results: Thirty-eight articles were found describing extracranial nerve decompression in patients with headaches. Postoperative decrease in headache intensity ranged from 2 to 8.2, reduction of duration ranged from 0.04 to 1.04 days, and reduction in frequency ranged between 4 and 14.8 headaches per month. Total elimination of symptoms was achieved in 8.3 to 83 percent of cases. A detailed summary of the outcome of single-site decompression is described. Statistical pooling and therefore meta-analysis was not possible, because of articles having the same surgeon and an overlapping patient database. Conclusions: Nerve decompression surgery is an effective way of treating headaches in a specific population of patients with neuralgia. Although a meta-analysis of the current data was not possible, the extracranial decompression of peripheral head and neck sensory nerves has a high success rate.

Skin lesion excision is the most common procedure performed by plastic surgeons. Because of the cumulative risk factors of sun and carcinogen exposure, the head and neck are the most frequently affected regions of the body. Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical for preventing continued spread and metastasis, and it is incumbent on the treating physician to make the appropriate recommendations for surgical margin and the possibility of adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence and optimize long-term survival. As clinical guidelines are developed from ongoing outcome studies, new generations of treatment recommendations are continuously in development. Therefore, a systematic review of the most relevant guidelines and clinically rigorous studies was performed with a summarization of treatment recommendations for the following: actinic keratosis, Bowen disease (squamous cell in situ), basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck.