Static and dynamic stereochemistry of several tris(9-triptycyl)stannane derivatives Tp3SnX (X = H, halogens, and alkyl groups) were studied. X-ray crystallography of the bromo and methyl compounds showed that the Sn atom was fundamentally tetrahedral and that the three Tp groups meshed with each other like bevel gears and formed a near-C3 chiral conformation. The rate constants for enantiomerization of the chiral conformation in solution could be obtained by the lineshape analysis of the aromatic proton signals, even when a direct probe for enantiomerization such as a benzyl group was absent. The energy barrier to enantiomerization decreased as the substituent X became bulkier, suggesting that the ground state is more destabilized than the transition state upon introduction of a bulkier group.

Atmospheric pressure transient glow discharges in microgap electrodes were generated using high voltage pulse with the nanosecond pulse width ranging from 50 to 300 ns. A short pulse generator using a pulse forming line scheme with a reflected wave absorption circuit was designed and operated. The transient glow discharges developed to arcs when the pulse width was long enough. Their duration decreased with increasing an ambient gas pressure and extended with shorter electrode separation. Utilizing a nozzle-to-sphere electrode system with fast gas flow of helium, a stable atmospheric pressure transient glow discharge was successfully obtained. The injection energy was controlled by changing the applied voltage and the gap length. The peak input power of 25 kW was obtained.

We investigate the overall impact of stock-out on individual consumers' information search behavior through both search-theoretic and experimental approaches. As the probability of stock-out increases, search intensity decreases, while the expected number of searches may increase. Such increases in stock-out probability also deter consumers from participating in the market.

Incorrect version of the ESM was mistakenly uploaded during proofing.The original article has been corrected.

In recent years, recipe search sites have proliferated with the spread of the Internet and the smartphone. Many recipes are available on the Web. In addition, today's Japan is experiencing problems such as aging and the increase in persons suffering from lifestyle-related disease due to westernization of their eating habits. It is often necessary for them to manage their eating habits. For home-bound aging and living alone, having to think about a menu every day is a major burden. At the same time, as the carbon dioxide emission of the whole world increases year by year, significant action on carbon dioxide reduction is underway in Japan. For example, there is a Carbon Foot Print (CFP) on which the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries works.This study seeks to support menu management and the construction of a system which is conscious of the carbon dioxide emission associated with a given meal. It uses recipes on the Web and prepares a recommended menu. We propose a system that displays the carbon dioxide emission of each menu. Finally, we had subjects use this system and determined the effectiveness of this study by performing a user evaluation.Index Terms-Menu recommendation system, recipe search sites, Carbon Foot Print, carbon dioxide emission.