Selective intraarterial infusion of the ethylcellulose microcapsules of mitomycin C (MMC-mc) exerts its potential therapeutic effects through both infarction and prolonged local, drug activity, i.e., chemoembolization. Twenty patients with intractable primary, recurrent or metastatic carcinoma were treated with single or fractionated infusion of MMC-mc via percutaneous arterial catheterization. The target sites were the kidney, liver, prostate, urinary bladder, uterus, sigmoid colon, Douglas' pouch and bone. Fourteen patients had over 30% reduction in measurable maximum tumor diameter, 5 had 10 to 30% reduction and 1 showed less than 10% reduction, but concurrent 2 bone lesions had no reduction. Improvement of symptoms and signs such as pain, massive hemorrhage, dysuria, anorexia and hydronephrosis was observed at an early stage of the treatment in all patients. Eight patients with highly invasive carcinoma of the kidney, urinary bladder and cervix were initially treated with MMC-mc followed by successful radical operation. Systemic toxicity was mild and all patients tolerated the treatment. Although the follow-up periods are less than 21 months, 12 patients are alive with or without tumor and 11 of them are doing well. The present results indicate that chemoembolization with MMC-mc is effective as a preoperative or palliative measure in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of various organs.

Using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry, we measured the incorporation of this thymidine analogue into the deoxyribonucleic acid of human prostate adenocarcinoma cells exposed in situ. Fifteen patients with prostate cancer were given an intravenous infusion of 500 mg. bromodeoxyuridine at needle biopsy to label tumor cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase (S phase). The tumor specimens were fixed with 70 per cent ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The results showed that this method demonstrated bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nuclei satisfactorily in tissue section. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, S phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the tissue sections. Grade 3 tumors averaged 4.37 +/- 0.48 per cent labeling versus 2.41 +/- 0.49 per cent in grade 2 tumors, and grade 1 tumor in the series had an S phase fraction of 1.36 +/- 0.39 per cent. The average S phase fractions for single gland, cribriform, fused and medullary were 1.16, 2.30, 3.74 and 4.95 per cent, respectively. The results obtained with S phase fraction measured with bromodeoxyuridine labeling proved to be comparable to the results of histological grade and growth pattern. Thus, the higher S phase fraction may indicate biological malignancy. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity concerning S phase fraction distribution within prostate cancer tissue could be compared to the morphological appearance. Our preliminary results suggest that the measurement of bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay of biological potential of individual tumor.

The sonic detection and recording systems of urethral sounds generated during micturition were developed. This procedure was tentatively postulated as "urophonography" and its recording diagram as a "urophonogram". Classification of urophonograms was done on the basis of analyzing normal healthy male volunteers and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Four types of urophonograms were demonstrated according to the shape and characteristics. Types 1, 2, 3 and 4 were characterized by a diamond shape, irregular occurrences of sound spikes, the mixture of Types 1 and 2 and no remarkable sound spikes respectively. Types 1, 2, and 3 were found in BPH, while Type 4 was demonstrated in normal healthy male volunteers. After prostatectomy a high percentage of Type 4 was demonstrated. The frequency (Hz) of these sounds was around 650. Diamond shape sound showed higher value of power gain (dB) than irregular type sound. The wave length was around 0.50 (m). Comparison of urophonographic studies with conventional uroflowmetric investigation was undertaken. Urophonography was useful for investigations of dysfunctional voiding and lower urinary tract obstruction.

Tissue specimens from 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and 7 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody. The PCNA labeling index was determined by counting the number of PCNA-labeled cells in the tissue sections. Average PCNA labeling index of the benign prostate hypertrophy was 1.2 +/- 0.5%. Poorly differentiated tumors averaged 7.6 +/- 3.9% labeling versus 4.6 +/- 1.3% in moderately differentiated tumors, and well differentiated tumor in the series had a PCNA labeling index of 2.5 +/- 0.9%. The PCNA labeling indices for atypical hyperplasia were 1.9, and 4.1%, respectively. Our preliminary results suggest that the measurement of PCNA labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay of biological potential of individual tumor.