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Since human and mouse ankles are comparable, the present models will contribute to ankle OA pathophysiology and general cartilage research in future.

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Purpose: the efficacy and safety of using a suspensory button for femoral fixation in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bonepatellar tendon-bone (BPtB) graft have not been established. the purpose of the current study was to evaluate bone plug integration onto the femoral socket and migration of the bone plug and the EndoButton (EB) (smith & nephew, Andover, MA, UsA) after rectangular tunnel ACL reconstruction with BPtB autograft. Methods: thirty-four patients who underwent anatomical rectangular ACL reconstruction with BPtB graft using EB for femoral fixation and in whom three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (Ct) was performed one week and one year after surgery were included in this study. Bone plug integration onto the femoral socket, bone plug migration, soft tissue interposition, EB migration and EB rotation were evaluated on 3D Ct. the clinical outcome was also assessed and correlated with the imaging outcomes. Results: the bone plug was integrated onto the femoral socket in all cases. the incidence of bone plug migration, soft tissue interposition, EB migration and EB rotation was 15, 15, 9 and 56%, respectively. no significant association was observed between the imaging outcomes. the postoperative mean Lysholm score was 97.1 ± 5.0 points. the postoperative side-toside difference, evaluated using a Kt-2000 arthrometer, averaged 0.5 ± 1.3 mm. there were no complications associated with EB use. imaging outcomes did not affect the postoperative Kt side-to-side difference. Conclusions: the EB is considered a reliable device for femoral fixation in anatomical rectangular tunnel ACL reconstruction with BPtB autograft. Level of evidence: Level iV, therapeutic case series.

Purpose Although several small-scale studies have reported risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after high tibial osteotomy (HTO), no study has collectively analysed risk factors in a large cohort. The present study aimed to clarify the risk factors for SSI after HTO using a national database. Methods Data of inpatients who underwent HTO from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan. Outcome measures were the incidence of SSI and deep SSI after HTO. Associations between SSI and patient data were examined with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Among 12,853 patients who underwent HTO, 195 developed SSI (1.52%) and 50 developed deep SSI (0.39%). Univariate analysis showed that male sex, smoking, and longer anaesthesia duration were associated with higher incidences of SSI, whereas a primary diagnosis of osteonecrosis and use of natural bone grafts were associated with lower incidences. In multivariable analysis, SSI was positively associated with male sex, anaesthesia duration longer than 210 min (vs. 150-210 min), and use of artiicial bone graft (vs. natural bone graft). SSI was negatively associated with age ≤ 49 years (vs. 50-59 years) and a primary diagnosis of osteonecrosis (vs. osteoarthritis). ConclusionThe present study revealed novel risk factors for SSI after HTO that previous studies have failed to ind, including use of artiicial bone graft and longer anaesthesia duration; primary diagnosis of osteonecrosis and younger age were novel protective factors. These indings will help surgeons assess risks of SSI after HTO in individual patients. Level of evidence III.