Pharyngeal flora were evaluated semi-quantitatively by counting and differentiating the colonies growing on blood agar plates into four major bacterial groups. In children they consisted mainly of alpha-streptococci, followed by smaller portions of Neisseria, and of gram-positive organisms other than alpha-streptococci. Gram-negative bacilli did not occur under normal conditions. Oral ampicillin in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg caused suppression of the alpha-streptococci, and promoted emergence of gram-negative bacilli. Oral cephalexin in the same dose caused changes in the same direction, but less extensively than ampicillin . Parenteral aminoglycoside antibiotics in usual dosage did not change the pharyngeal flora. Differential counting of the growth is a simple and useful tool to evaluate the ecology of pharyngeal flora. It serves to monitor overgrowth of resistant organisms in the respiratory tract.

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A child with a traumatic uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst was presented. The diagnosis was not made by routine radiological studies, but ultrasound examination demonstrated a perirenal fluid accumulation clearly. The usefulness of the ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of this condition was emphasized. The characteristic finding in ultrasonogram consists of a hydronephrotic kidney and its invagination into the echolucent mass. When perirenal cystic lesions are demonstrated by ultrasound, the junctional zone between the cyst and kidney should be carefully checked for signs of invagination of the kidney into the cyst.

Familial testotoxicosis is a gonadotropin-independent autosomal dominant condition in

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