Background: Chromium and its salts, as well as chromium-containing compounds, play a major role in numerous manufacturing processes and have been contraindicated in carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic conditions in people involved in these processes. Objectives: This study investigated the ameliorative role of Acacia nilotica aqueous leave extract (ANLA) on potassium dichromate-induced liver and blood toxicity in male and female rats. Phytochemical screening and nutrient composition of ANLA were also evaluated. Methods: Phytochemical and proximate analysis of ANLA were carried out. Twenty adult male and female rats each were divided into four groups (n = 10): (1) control; (2) potassium dichromate (PDC; 0.625 mg/kg body weight); (3) PDC co-treated with ANLA after seven days (650 mg/kg bwt); and (4) PDC co-treated with ANLA (650 mg/kg bwt) simultaneously for 21 days. Biomarkers of liver injury, lipid, and hematological imbalance were assessed. Tissue histology and toxicant retention were done. Results: Various plant secondary metabolites (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and anthraquinones) and nutrients (protein = 67.41 ± 2.44%; carbohydrate = 9.87 ± 1.87%; fiber = 10.01 ± 1.21%; mineral = 6.41 ± 1.08%; fat and oil = 6.63 ± 0.93%) were identified in the leave. Exposure to chromium significantly (P < 0.05) increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with a concomitant decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the liver of both male and female rats. The exposure also altered protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in the plasma and liver as well as hematological indices. Organ chromium retention and pathological changes were also observed. ANLA modulated these chromium-induced alterations in the rats. Conclusions: Based on the results, ANLA indicates ameliorative property against PDC-induced toxicity in rats. Thus it may be used to combat chromium poisoning. The nutritive potential of A. nilotica leaves may also be maximized.

The datasets contained in this article are based on a baseline study on the selected physicochemical parameters and macro-benthic invertebrates’ community of Egini, and Ubogo Rivers in Delta State for a period of six months: February - July, 2010, within in six stations shared equally among the two rivers using the three communities they flow through as guide and water samples collected on monthly basis from these stations. The objectives include determination of the spatial variations and background concentrations of the selected physicochemical parameters, species composition and abundance of the macro-benthic invertebrates. Sixteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed in the water. Air and water temperature and current velocity were determined in-situ; the rest physicochemical parameters were determined adopting standard methods. Dusting method was adopted in sampling the macro-benthic invertebrates.

In this paper, solution of the linear version of Klein-Gordon equation is considered via the application of natural transform combined with decomposition method. Hereafter, referred to as natural decomposition method (NDM). This proposed method shows viable improvement and reliability in usage compared to the classical natural transform. Illustrative example(s) are considered, and the solution (root) is shown to follow a closed form. Therefore, the NDM is recommended for highly nonlinear differential models both in pure and applied sciences.

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