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In the present study, we have deposited hierarchical flower-like microstructured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films directly on a glass substrate by using the simplistic aqueous chemical route for different concentrations of triethanolamine (TEA) which acted like a complexing agent. The as-synthesized ZnO thin films were subsequently annealed at 300 °C and are characterized with characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL), and electrical resistivity. The hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of as-synthesized ZnO thin films was confirmed by their XRD patterns and the well-resolved ZnO flowers-like morphology was revealed from the FESEM micrographs. From FESEM images it can be seen that the ZnO flower is composed of dozens of nanorods originating from the same core in a symmetric fashion with an average diameter of around 180-300 nm. The flower-like morphology was obtained at 0.3 M TEA concentration. Due to its hierarchical structure, the deposited ZnO thin films were employed for multiple applications such as gas sensing and anti-microbial activity. The ZnO thin films with micro-flowers like morphology showed the maximum gas sensor sensitivity ∼64.50 at 150 °C for 100 ppm of NO2 gas. Moreover, the bacteria were completely destroyed in the presence of as-deposited ZnO thin films.

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The present paper provides information on life cycle of polyphagous moth Eterusia aedea Linn. (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). It breeds in rainy season and two generations are possible in a year from this region. About 42 to 54 are required days for completion of life cycle. Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae) and Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) were recorded as new larval food plants of E. aedea Linn. from Amba Reserve Forest, Kolhapur, North Western Ghats, Maharashtra.

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