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In present work, two types of Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor (Fabry – Perot & Modal Sensor) have been demonstrate and investigated. The main parameter studied of this contribute is the sensitivity, the strain could be induced by make a stress on the optical fiber. The strain effect at the fiber due to variation of the intensity in the output of the optical fiber. Then, the modes of electromagnetic waves that propagate in the fiber could be analyzed to determine the sensitivity depend on fringe rates. I conclude from this study the Extrinsic Fabry – Perot Interferometry structure is more sensitive than Modal Sensor.

In this work, different sizes of BaTiO3 (BTO) were characterized. The effective parameters were studied to reach optimum performance in order to realize an optical modulator. The parameters such as spectroscopy, electro-optic coefficient, crystalline structure, and birefringence indicated that BaTiO3 has an excellent behavior to manipulate the light by Pockels modulator, spatially in the field of telecom. The sample size (10×3 mm) was shown a good performance compare with other samples, for example, the BTO has low absorption, high variation of output as a function of voltage applied and good efficiency that showed by figure of merit. In addition, a low half-wave voltage (Vπ) was observed.

In this paper, the latest techniques and technologies of liquid crystal devices have been reviewed with essential conclusions made based on their applications. This work combines Liquid Crystal research from different field. Here I give an overview of Liquid Crystal instrumentation in the optical systems, focusing on a large domain of applications: photonic devices, biomedical applications, etc. I characterize common approaches and challenges. In addition, novel technique of liquid crystal that permits a new solution has been presented. I conclude with advice regarding the Liquid Crystal group at large to make concerted efforts to exchange expertise.

The online version of this article contains the full text of the retracted article as electronic supplementary material.[1] Al-ithawi, S. Characterization of atmospheric optical turbulence by (GDIMM) telescope. J Opt (2017).