Az idegenellenesség alakulása és a bevándorlással kapcsolatos félelmek Magyarországon és a visegrádi országokban z idegenellenesség és a bevándorlással kapcsolatos félelmek vizsgálata az elmúlt időszak menekültügyi válságának és az egész világot megrázó terrorcselekmények tükrében különösen aktuális kérdés. Tanulmányunk két részből áll. Az első részben áttekint-jük az idegenellenesség alakulását és társadalmi bázisát, különös tekintettel a 2015-ös évre; a második részben pedig a bevándorlással kapcsolatos félelmek különféle típusait vizsgáljuk meg. Ahol lehető-ségünk nyílt, az időbeli összehasonlítást térbeli kitekintéssel egé-szítjük ki, ugyanis a 2015 őszén az idegenellenességet és félelmeket mérő kérdéssort a visegrádi országok reprezentatív mintáin is vizsgáltuk.

No abstract

This note explores discrimination against ethnic minorities in the new platform economy. Using experiments fielded in collaboration with a Hungarian car-sharing platform we demonstrate that contrary to the conventional wisdom, Roma users are discriminated even when positive reviews are available. Through a collaborative effort with the platform spanning multiple years we designed an intervention whose purpose was to reduce anti-Roma discrimination, and tested it via a survey experiment. We show that forced exposure to our video clip led to a large reduction in discrimination against Roma passengers as mea- sured by survey-takers’ choices made between fictional passengers. While we attempted to pilot our intervention in the field, we were unable to expose real users to our video clip in ways that were compatible with our partner organization’s interests. Taken together our findings showcase both the opportunities and the challenges that are involved in fighting discrimination in cooperation with market players.

Due to its underregulated nature, the rapidly growing sharing economy can be a breeding ground for group-based disparities. Here we investigate discrimination on a leading Hungarian carpooling app against members of the two largest minority groups in the European Union: the Roma (numbering 6 million) and the disabled (numbering 100 million). In a field experiment, 1,005 requests for rides were sent to drivers, with passenger group membership (control, disabled, Roma) manipulated between participants. Widespread discrimination against both stigmatized groups was apparent in significantly lower approval rates for disabled (56%) and Roma (52%) relative to control passengers (70%). Potential mechanisms driving anti-disabled and anti-Roma discrimination were probed using a manipulation embedded in the field experiment, natural language processing (NLP) analysis of driver–passenger interactions, and an online survey (n = 398). Additional information about the passengers in the form of reviews did not mitigate unequal treatment, thus providing evidence against statistical (stereotype-based) discrimination. Militating against taste-based (attitudinal) discrimination, survey respondents reported highly negative attitudes toward Roma passengers but highly positive attitudes toward disabled passengers. Moreover, despite equivalent approval rates, disabled passengers were more likely to receive a response from drivers (even if a rejection) and received more polite responses than Roma passengers did. As such, the observed discriminatory patterns are most readily explained by intergroup emotions: Contempt toward Roma passengers likely engenders both passive and active harm, whereas pity toward disabled passengers likely engenders a combination of passive harm and active facilitation.