A rare cause of pleural effusion is the presence of urine in the pleural space (urinothorax). We report here the case of a urinothorax subsequent to a double J catheter placement. Biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid was highly suggestive. Treatment based on therapeutic thoracentesis and treatment of the underlying uropathy resulted in resolution. Being a rare diagnosis it should always be considered when a pleural effusion appears after a urological procedure. More research is still needed to establish specific diagnosis criterias.

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