The economic loss due to pest attack in stored commodities is a serious problem worldwide. About 200 insect species attack stored commodities. These insect pests are responsible for quantitative and qualitative losses in cereal grains. Among the stored grain pests, Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella is considered as common, top of the list and most destructive pest of cereal grains. Its infestation starts in the standing crop and continues in storage. Although there are many control strategies, our need is some effective, cheap and readily available strategy for safe storage. This review presents different ways by which S. cerealella can be controlled. In this paper, a list of approaches is given which are used to improve the protection of stored grains against S. cerealella attack. These approaches include use of edible oils, containers, synthetic chemicals, agricultural waste materials, plant derivatives, bacterial protoxins, biopesticides, biocontrol enhancers and semiochemicals. If these tactics are followed as combined strategies in a compatible manner, they can provide us an integrated pest management programme for the efficient control of S. cerealella in cereal grains.

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This study was carried out to see the impact of Angoumois grain moth (AGM) on different cultivars of barley so that we must grow resistant variety of barley or improve those which are susceptible to it. Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) were collected and reared in incubators available in Stored Product Entomology Laboratory, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, under temperature 27 + 28C and 60 + 2% relative humidity. For the experiment, five different cultivars of barley; Sanober-96, Jau-83, Soorab-96, ICBA and Sterling were selected for AGM feed. After an interval of 30, 60 and 90 days of infestation, percentage damage and weight loss in grains were determined. After carrying out laboratory and field germination tests, viability of different cultivars were checked. Damage was maximum in variety Soorab (99.38%), which becomes susceptible while it was minimum in Sanober-96 (90.62%), which becomes resistant. Weight loss was maximum in variety Soorab (49.71%), which becomes susceptible and was minimum in Sanober-96 (45.32%), which becomes resistant. Damage was positively correlated with weight loss and negatively correlated with seed germination. In germination tests, on filter paper, maximum germination was found in variety Sterling (3%) which becomes resistant and it was minimum in ICBA which becomes susceptible (0%). In sand germination test, maximum seeds germinated in variety Sanober-96 (2%), and minimum seeds germinated in ICBA (0%). By calculating the percentage of losses of different cultivars, it was found that none of cultivars proved itself completely resistant or susceptible.

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Among the five edible oils viz. olive oil (Olea europaea L), coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), groundnut oil (Arachis hypogaea L.), mustard oil (Brassica spp L.) and sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) @ 3, 6 and 9 ml kg -1 grains were evaluated as protectants of C. arietinum against oviposition, adult mortality and adult emergence. Pulse beetles favoured untreated rather than treated grains. Similarly, irrespective of these oils, at the rate of 3 ml kg -1 was less effective in inhibiting the oviposition, adult mortality and adult emergence inhibition than 6 and 9 ml kg -1 . Among the oils, coconut oil at 9 ml kg -1 grains was found to be most effective in inhibiting the oviposition (26.43 eggs), adult mortality (44.52%) and adult emergence inhibition (96.34%) and did not affect germination of chickpea grains till four months. Sesame oil also provided excellent results giving in the same parameters as 26.62 eggs, 40.95 and 96.08.percent, respectively. Oils of groundnut and olive were least effective in performing the above parameter in the process of the investigation.