<span>La periodontitis se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio destructivo que afecta los tejidos de soporte del diente, la resorción del hueso alveolar, la formación de bolsas periodontales y eventualmente la pérdida del diente. Las citocinas proinflamatorias como son la interleucina 1 (IL-1), el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNFα) y el interferón gamma (IFNγ) son considerados los principales mediadores de las enfermedades de inflamación crónica incluyendo a la periodontitis. Los niveles elevados de estas citocinas en la circulación, así como localmente, se correlacionan con la severidad de algunas enfermedades periodontales, lo que permite sugerir que estas moléculas participan en la respuesta del huésped para el desarrollo y progresión de esta enfermedad. En este trabajo de revisión se presentan las características y funciones de la IL-1 así como las principales evidencias de su participación en la inducción y progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, el uso de esta molécula como marcador pronóstico y los estudios de polimorfismo genético asociados con la severidad de esta patología.</span>
Introduction: The enterokine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) represses bile salt (BS) synthesis in the liver. It is hypothesized that production of FGF19 shifts to the liver in patients with obstructive cholestasis. To study the origin of FGF19 under conditions of cholestasis, we studied venousarterial (VA) differences across major abdominal organs. Methods: Plasma levels of BS, FGF19 and C4 (plasma marker of BS synthesis) were determined in arterial blood (RA), and portal (PV), hepatic (HV), superior (SMV) and inferior mesenteric (IMV) veins of cholestatic patients (n = 6) and controls (n=14), who underwent pancreatic surgery. Results: FGF19 levels were higher in all blood vessels of cholestatic patients (range 0.37e34.0 ng/mL) compared with controls (range 0.03e0.37 ng/mL) (P< 0.001). Likewise, in cholestasis BS levels were increased in all
and in 15 patients (18.5%) there was at least one previous hospitalization for PA. The mean hospitalization time was 11 days (min 3, maximum 67), the morbidity rate was 49%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6%. Thirty patients underwent cholecystectomy with intra-operative cholangiography. Surgery was rejected by 23 (76.7%). Of these, 12 were readmitted (52%). Of the patients operated, 2 presented grade IIIb complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification. Conclusion: AP in the very elderly patient seems to be associated with prolonged hospitalization times, high morbidity rates and not negligible mortality rates. Prospective studies specifically designed to assess the role of cholecystectomy in this particular subgroup of patients are needed.
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