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We propose to form nanoelectrode arrays by deposition of the electrocatalyst through lyotropic liquid crystalline templates onto inert electrode support. Whereas Prussian Blue is known to be a superior electrocatalyst in hydrogen peroxide reduction, carbon materials used as electrode support demonstrate only a minor activity. We report on the possibility for nanostructuring of Prussian Blue by its electrochemical deposition through lyotropic liquid crystalline templates, which is noticed from atomic force microscopy images of the resulting surfaces. The resulting Prussian Blue based nanoelectrode arrays in flow injection analysis mode demonstrate a sub-part-per-billion detection limit (1 x 10(-)(8) M) and a linear calibration range starting exactly from the detection limit and extending over 6 orders of magnitude of H(2)O(2) concentrations (1 x 10(-)(8) to 1 x 10(-)(2) M), which are the most advantageous analytical performances in hydrogen peroxide electroanalysis.

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Poly(methy1ene blue) (PMBI-modified electrodes show excellent properties for the electrocatal>ric oxidation of NADH concerning the optimal working potential of 0 to 100 my (vs. SCE) and their operation stability. By means of deh!.drogenases entrapped within a Nafion film on top of the PMB layer. new amperometric biosensors for glucose, lactate, malate, and ethanol could be obtained with improved integration of the enzyme and the electrocatalyst directly on the electrode surface. Coentrapment of the negatively charged NAD+ within the negatively charged Nafion polyelectrolye leads to reagentless dehydrogenase electrodes for one-shot or short-term applications.