ResumenEn el norte de la Patagonia (Argentina) los sistemas caprinos son extensivos de subsistencia, con baja incorporación de tecnología. Unos 6000 pequeños productores, crían 700.000 cabras de Razas locales (Criolla Neuquina, Colorada Pampeana y otras) y 550.000 Angora, produciendo Cashmere y Mohair. La producción de Cashmere está en desarrollo, estimándose un potencial de 15 tn. Dada la gran variabilidad poblacional para características de fibra se espera buena respuesta a la selección. Apoyados en procesos participativos se busca desarrollar productos artesanales e industriales. La producción de Mohair se encuentra en mejoramiento. Argentina es el cuarto productor mundial de esta fibra (825 tn). Su desarrollo actual es promovido por el "Programa Mohair", basado en: organización, aplicación de tecnologías apropiadas de esquila y clasificación, manejo reproductivo y mejoramiento. El "Programa" comercializa en conjunto el 10% de la producción total del país, con criterios de calidad y comercio justo. Se observan soluciones a problemas productivos, facilitadas mediante el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones y la participación protagónica de los productores. La extensión y transferencia de tecnologías apropiadas han mejorado los productos en cantidad y calidad además de poner en valor los procesos productivos tradicionales. En los casos del Cashmere y Mohair encontramos productores fuertemente arraigados a su tierra y a sus cabras, de las cuales dependen, que se ven valorizados superando las restricciones propias del sistema.Palabras clave: fibras, desarrollo, pequeños productores, Patagonia SummaryIn northern Patagonia (Argentina), local goats are reared under extensive production system with low inputs. Approximately 700,000 goats of local breeds (Criolla Neuquina, Colorado Pampeana and others) and 550,000 Angora, which produce cashmere and mohair are being raised by about 6000 small holders. Cashmere has a potential development of 15 tons. Due to considering the high variability in fibre traits, good response to selection is expected. Based on participatory processes, development of handicraft and industrial products are promoted. Mohair production is being improved. Argentina is the world's fourth largest producer of fibre (825 tons). Its current development is promoted by the "Mohair Program", that based on organisation, use of appropriate technologies for shearing, fibre classification and breeding. The "Program" as a whole sells 10% of total country's production, with fair criteria to determine quality and trade values. Solutions to productive problems have been facilitated by strengthening the organisations and by the participation of producers. Extension and technology transfer contributed to improve quantity and quality of the traditional products. Moreover they focus positively on the traditional productive processes. In the cases: cashmere and mohair producers are strongly connected to land and goats, on which they are dependent. They perceive themselves as valued thus overcoming the restrictions of ...
This study reports the results obtained in the search of chromosomal regions affecting fleece traits in a population of Angora goats in the Argentinean Patagonia. Six hundred thirty-four offspring from 14 parental half-sib families were used. Nine phenotypic fleece traits were recorded at 4 and 11 months of age. A genome examination using 85 informative molecular markers was conducted. A linkage analysis was performed using a regression interval analysis. Our study identified 10 genomic regions affecting the average fibre diameter, coefficient of variation of the average fibre diameter, percentage of fibres with diameters over 30 µm, greasy fleece weight, staple length, average curvature of fibres, percentage of continuous medullated fibres and percentage of kemp fibres located on five goat chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 13 and 19). These results show that the average size of the quantitative trait loci effect was 1.6 phenotypic standard deviations for different traits and families. The aims of quantitative trait loci detection is the potential use of these molecular markers to increase accuracy in predicting the genetic merit of breeding and its implementation in animal breeding schemes through marker-assisted selection. RésuméDans cette étude, on signale les résultats obtenus dans la recherche des régions chromosomiques relatives aux caractéristiques de la toison des chèvres angora dans la Patagonie argentine. On a utilisé 634 descendants de 14 familles à descendance uniparentale et enregistré neuf caractères phénotypiques de la toison à 4 et 11 mois. Un examen du génome a été entrepris en utilisant 85 marqueurs moléculaires informatifs. L'analyse du groupe de liaison a été effectuée en utilisant une analyse de l'intervalle de régression. Notre étude a identifié 10 régions génomiques qui affectent le diamètre moyen de la fibre, le coefficient de variation du diamètre moyen de la fibre, le pourcentage de fibre ayant un diamètre supérieur à 30 µm, le poids de la laine en suint, la longueur de la fibre, la courbure moyenne de la fibre, le pourcentage de fibres médullaires continues et le pourcentage de fibre de jarre située sur cinq chromosomes de chèvre (1, 2, 5, 13 et 19). Ces résultats indiquent que la taille moyenne de l'effet QTL était des déviations phénotypiques standard de 1,6 pour les différents caractères et familles. Le but de la détection des QTL est l'utilisation potentielle de ces marqueurs moléculaires en vue d'accroître la précision dans la prévision de la valeur génétique de la sélection et sa mise en oeuvre dans les programmes de sélection animale par le biais de la sélection assistée par marqueurs. Mots-clés: chèvres Angora, mohair, loci à effets quantitatifsResumen En este estudio, informamos sobre los resultados obtenidos en la búsqueda de regiones cromosómicas que afectan a las características del vellón en una población de cabras de Angora en la Patagonia Argentina. Se utilizaron seiscientos treinta y cuatro crías de 14 familias parentales de medios hermanos. A la edad de 4 meses y de 11 meses, se re...
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