Rats treated with 131I and propylthiouracil were shown to develop thyroid tumours 7--9 months after treatment. In this group, the levels of total thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine, and free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in the serum were low, and that of TSH was raised. In a group of rats treated with 131I and then propylthiouracil and thyroxine, thyroid tumours were found despite normal concentrations of total and free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in the serum. The level of TSH in the serum was significantly raised in this group. Thyroid tumours were not found in the various control groups of rats.

This trend remained the same for both viral and bacterial URTIs. Patients from less deprived households were less likely to be discharged and more likely to be admitted, for both short (< 24 hours) and longer admissions (> 24 hours). Mapping of patient postcodes highlighted 'hotspots' of patients in the North East. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between social deprivation and presentation to Paediatric A&E with URTI in the North East. Most patients presenting to Great North Children's Hospital Paediatric A&E with URTI came from more socially deprived backgrounds.

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