One of the problems which occupy the mineralogist as well as the geologist or pedologist is the mechanism of the formation and evolution of minerals in nature. In this general connexion we have been trying to clarify the possibility of passing from montmorillonite to chloritic minerals. Already in a previous work we showed that on precipitating magnesium with ammonia in the presence of montmorillonite, a substance is obtained which shows certain of the characteristics of vermiculite and chlorite. Having thus shown the possibility of passing from one type to the other, we wished to clarify the mechanism of the change. We wanted to know what are the conditions of the transformation, and then to follow the montmorillonite from the moment when it was in equilibrium with the solution of magnesium chloride to the end of the alteration. Finally, it had to be established to what extent the product obtained resembled or differed from the standard minerals. These different points will be considered in succession.
Les chlorites peuvent être définis d'après G. Tschermak (I), puis t A. Lacroix (2), comme des silicates hydratés d' Al, de Mg, et de Fe, de couleur généralement verte, possédant un elivage facile suivant (001), les lames de clivages étant flexibles, sans être élastiques, comme celles du mica. Dans un travail antérieur, l'un de nous (3) avait tenté d'établir une classification de ces minéraux, en se basant directement sat les données de l'analyse chimique, sans faire intervenir d'idée théorique sur leur constitution, comme l'avait fait G. Tschermak et d'autres auteurs aprés lui. Peu de temps après, un certain nombre de recherches, effectuées à l'aide de rayons X, ont permis d'élucider les caractéres essentiels de la structure de ces phyllites. On peut done raisonnablement en tenter une nouvelle classification chimique tenant compte du schéma structural établi actuellement. C'cst ce que nous nous proposons de faire dans ce mémoire, aprés avoir exposé quelques remarques sur des travaux récents.
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