An equitable near-proper coloring of a graph $G$ is a defective coloring in which the number of vertices in any two color classes differ by at most one and the bad edges obtained is minimised by restricting the number of color classes that can have adjacency among their own elements. This paper investigates the equitable near-proper coloring of some derived graph classes like Mycielski graphs, splitting graphs and shadow graphs.
Emerging technological advancements and sustainability concerns have initiated the integration of smart technologies into the transportation infrastructure at major cities and tourist hubs. The rising environmental concerns have called for a shift in focus from conventional methods to innovative green transport initiatives being formulated by DMOs and destination planners. The use of data analytics and artificial intelligence in transportation has been proven to be a reasonable method for sustainable transportation. This study focuses on assessing the value propositions of smart transportation systems in enriching the tourist experience by providing convenient travel solutions. The chapter focuses on understanding the value proposition of smart transport designs at destinations and the long-term prospects of installing such sustainable infrastructure at major tourist hubs. The study also aims to evaluate the tourist experience in using smart transportation services and the potential benefits and challenges involved in the practical implementation of such systems.
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