Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Despite recent advances in cancer diagnoses and therapies, the five-year survival rate of oral cancer patients has remained at a dismal 50% in the last few decades. Oral cancer is of major concern in Southeast Asia primarily because of the prevalent oral habits namely betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption. This paper provides a brief overview on the various aetiological agents and risk factors implicated in the development of oral cancer.

Prevention and early detection are fundamental tools in the control of the oral cancer. Until recently screening and early detection of oral cancer has been dependent on a complete visual examination. Since simple examination is subject to observer variability adjunctive screening aids have been introduced to aid in early detection of oral cancer. The present paper outlines a brief overview of techniques in improving the identification of potentially malignant changes of the oral mucosa. We conclude that further research with clear objectives is strongly required to optimize and validate these oral screening procedures.