We present an extremely rare case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) in a 30-year-old woman without associated neurofibromatosis 1. The patient presented with an 8 cm×4 cm lesion extending from 46 to the retro molar region involving the ramus of the right mandible associated with regional paraesthesia. Incisional biopsy revealed spindle cells with vesicular nuclei arranged in fascicles leading to a diagnosis of spindle cell lesion. Posterior segmental mandibulectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. On excisional biopsy, a definitive diagnosis of low-grade MPNST was established on the basis of immunohistochemistry. The patient was then lost to follow-up.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a developmental cyst of odontogenic origin and was initially defined as the uncommon orthokeratinized variant of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). However, recently World Health Organization has designated OOC as a distinct clinicopathologic entity as it has peculiar clinicopathologic aspects when compared to other developmental odontogenic cysts, especially OKCs. The orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst is histologically characterized by a thin, uniform, epithelial lining with orthokeratinization and a subjacent prominent granular cell layer. The purpose of the article is to present a case of OOC arising in the anterior mandible, an unusual site for the lesion and also highlights the importance of distinguishing it from the more commonly occurring keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT).

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Prevention and early detection are fundamental tools in the control of the oral cancer. Until recently screening and early detection of oral cancer has been dependent on a complete visual examination. Since simple examination is subject to observer variability adjunctive screening aids have been introduced to aid in early detection of oral cancer. The present paper outlines a brief overview of techniques in improving the identification of potentially malignant changes of the oral mucosa. We conclude that further research with clear objectives is strongly required to optimize and validate these oral screening procedures.

Context: Studies established that human cancer is principally a genetic disease; it arises as accumulation of a set of genetic changes. In the pathogenesis of cancer, genetic instability is the sequential event to a carcinogenic stimulus resulting in various genomic changes including DNA damage. Aims: To assess genetic instability, as susceptibility to DNA damage, we used single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to study double strand breaks in associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: We used comet assay to measure double strand break in individual peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 individuals with OSCC and 30 healthy control subjects. All personal information was gathered from subjects including tobacco history. DNA damage was visualized as comet assay and quantified by movement of damaged strands as length of tail. Results: Study results of OSCC patients were observed in relation to clinical staging and histological grading of carcinoma. On the basis of clinical observation, cases were grouped in to Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV. No stage I cases were in study sample. The mean DNA damage migration length was observed 4.600 ± 0.4613 μm in stage II, whereas in Stage III and Stage IV, it was observed to be 4.961 ± 0.5620 μm and 4.883 ± 0.410 μm, respectively. The DNA damage length in histological grades of squamous cell carcinoma patients in Grade I was 4.6437 ± 0.3061 μm and Grade II was 5.3533 ± 0.3831 μm. In comparison with control group and squamous cell carcinoma group, it was observed in the range of 0.02–0.36 μm and varied from 4.04 to 5.84 μm range, respectively. Thus, the results were statistically significant with the histological grading of OSCC. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired' test and “ANOVA” test are used for statistics. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired' test and “ANOVA” test are used for statistics. Conclusion: The amount of DNA strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes are measured by comet assay which is associated with relative risk of OSCC.