BackgroundThe current study aims at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of the stem, bark and leaves of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb.ResultsThe AELS and AEAR extract presented a significant (***p < 0.001) dose dependent increase in reaction time in writhing method and showed inhibition of 63.1% and 57.1% respectively at the doses of 400 mg/kg body weight while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 69.23%. In tail immersion method, AELS and AEAR showed maximum time of tail retention at 30 min in hot water i.e. 6.93 sec and 6.54 sec respectively at highest doses of 400 mg/kg body weight than lower dose while standard pentazocine showed reaction time of 7.62 sec. The AELS and AEAR extract also exhibited promising anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant inhibition of paw volume by 32.48% and 26.75% respectively at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight while the value at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were linear to higher dose at the 3rd hour of study. On the other hand, Standard indomethacin inhibited 40.13% of inflammation (***P < 0.001). In Cotton-pellet granuloma method, AELS and AEAR extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight exhibited inhibition of inflammation of 34.7% and 29.1% respectively while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 63.22%. Intraperitoneal administration of AELS and AEAR showed dose dependent decrease in body temperature in brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats at both doses. However, AELS significantly decreased body temperature (***p < 0.001) at 400 mg/kg compared to control.ConclusionsPresent work propose that the methanolic extract of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb possesses dose dependent pharmacological action which supports its therapeutic use in folk medicine possibly mediated through the inhibition or blocking of release of prostaglandin and/or actions of vasoactive substances such as histamine, serotonin and kinins.

The study proves that the crude methanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. has significant antioxidant, anthelmintic and thrombolytic activity containing wide range of phytochemicals.

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate Ciprofloxacin residue and their impact on some biomolecules (albumin, total protein and cholesterol) in eggs of laying hens after oral administration. For that purpose, One group (A) of laying hens (n = 20) were orally administered 10 mg⁄kg ciprofloxacin for five consecutive days. The second group (n = 10) was untreated controls. Eggs were collected from day one of treatment and up to 25 days after withdrawal of treatment. Egg white and yolk from each egg were separated, and ciprofloxacin residues and biomolecules were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection and humalyzer having commercial assay kits respectively. Results: Ciprofloxacin was detectable in egg white on the first day of treatment in higher concentrations (1755 μg⁄kg) while at lower concentrations (362 μg⁄kg) in egg yolk. In both medium, concentrations increased during five days treatment period. After withdrawal of treatment, eight days and fourteen days were required to deplete the drug residue below the established LOD in albumen and yolk respectively. On the other hand, cholesterol level increased while albumin and total protein level decreased during treatment period. All these biomolecules returns to their normal level at about seventeenth or eighteenth day from the day of treatment. In all cases, the differences in drug residue concentrations and biomolecules concentrations during treatment and post treatment in egg were found significant. Conclusion: Based on the time needed for residue to deplete below the LOD, we can estimate that, within twenty days of treatment period, egg contents could contain harmful residue which can deplete the nutritional value of egg and thus could cause severe disease for consumer as well whereas it is safe after that period.

Climate change has started to alter the way how climatic events take place on the earth. Occurrence and distribution of extreme climatic events are now more frequent and undoubtedly Bangladesh is experiencing the effects of climate change among which the extreme events manifest in a more evident and devastating way. This paper aims at eliciting evidences of the effect of climate change on the characteristics of cyclones of this region.   Recent histories of cyclones that formed at the Bay of Bengal and made landfall on the coasts of Bangladesh, ranging from 1795 to 2009, were studied. Frequency of the cyclones has shown an increasing trend along with their intensity. Frequency of weaker cyclones is decreasing and although intensity of the weaker storm is rising, they are rising at a greater rate for the stronger storms and hence there will be large differences among the intensity of the future cyclones. Storm surges show a positive correlation with the intensity of the storms hence greater storm surges can be expected in the future. Storms tracks seem to remain unaltered for a long tract of time. These analyses implicate the necessity to decelerate climate change and also increase awareness among the highly dense population of the coastal regions of the developing countries to reduce damages due to such extreme events.

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