This article describes methods of treatment for avian zoonoses, modern antibiotic therapy and drug resistance of selected pathogens, which pose a threat to the population’s health. A tabular form has been used to present the current data from the European Union from 2011 to 2017 regarding human morbidity and mortality and the costs incurred by national health systems for the treatment of zoonoses occurring in humans and animals. Moreover, the paper includes descriptions of selected diseases, which indirectly affect birds. Scientists can obtain information regarding the occurrence of particular diseases, their aetiology, epidemiology, incubation period and symptoms caused by dangerous microorganisms and parasites. This information should be of particular interest for people who have frequent contact with birds, such as ornithologists, as well as veterinarians, farm staff, owners of accompanying animals and zoological workers. This paper presents a review used for identification and genetic characterization of bacterial strains isolated from a variety of environmental sources, e.g., bird feathers along with their practical application. We describe the bacterial, viral and fungal serotypes present on avian feathers after the slaughter process. This review also enables us to effectively identify several of the early stages of infectious diseases from heterogeneous avian research material.

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Laboratory experiments have been carried out to determine the effects of lemon, cedar, pine and thyme oils as well as Citrocept on the growth of Fusarium solani Mart.(Sacc.) mycelium isolated from stored potato tubers. The biotic property of essential oils and Citrocept in inhibiting the linear growth of F. solani was assessed with the use of poisoned culture media, whereas the fungistatic property was determined by calculating, with the use of Abbott formula, the percentage indicating how many fungal colonies were inhibited from growth. A complete inhibition of the pathogen's growth was observed in the presence of thyme oil at a concentration of 0.2% to 2% as well as in the presence of lemon oil at a concentration of 5% and 15%. Citrosept only at high concentrations caused a slower growth of F. solani. No fungistatic effects of cedar and pine oils were observed.

The bird feathers are often colonized by pathogenic microorganisms including mainly bacteria of the E. coli species. There is a grooving evidence that due to colonization of the pathogenic bacteria after slaughter material may lead to different zoonosis diseases that endanger human health. Poultry diseases are a very important issue both economically and epidemiologically in each country. Currently, in practice, EU postmortem monitoring programs are often used to eliminate breeding poultry infected with different pathogenic microorganisms, e.g., E. coli by introducing mandatory bird vaccination. The article describes the combination of genetic and genomic methods that were used in the analysis of species specificity of strains and their genomes, including specific pathogenic bacteria in bird feathers. The aim of the study was (i) to investigate DNA polymorphisms of the obtained bacterial strains isolated from avian feathers (ii) obtaining recombinant Hsp55 protein and defining its role as a potential component of vaccines used in poultry diseases. For the detection and analysis of DNA polymorphisms, we have optimized a new innovative method based on the deficiencies of three molecular techniques, AFLP, PCR-MP, and PCR MP. This new method can be a useful tool used in the genotyping of bacterial E. coli serotypes present on avian feathers after the slaughter process. It also allows to effectively identify a number of early stages of infectious diseases from heterogeneous avian research material. Amplification of polymorphic regions was achieved by using a lower denaturation temperature of the primers and a reduction in the number of cycles in the classical PCR, which simplifies the procedure, preserving the quality and reproducibility of the obtained results. Research of recombinant Hsp55 protein has allowed us to determine the optimal conditions for its production by the classical methods used in proteomic analysis.