Basal rot disease of onion is caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. cepae (Hans.). Biocontrol agents were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of onion cultivated in different places of Tamil Nadu, India. Efficacy of various biocontrol agents was evaluated for the potential to manage the basal rot of onion in vitro. Among the tested isolates of Trichoderma sp., T. harzianum (TH 3) gave the greatest (83%) inhibition and Pseudomonas sp. (Pf 12) exerted significantly the greatest (75%) reduction of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Based on the laboratory analysis, effective biocontrol agents were evaluated in glass house and field conditions. Among the thirteen treatments tested in the field, the combination of bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents (Pf12 +Pf27+ TH3) gave significantly the greatest (85%) disease reduction. These biocontrol agents were useful as an alternative to chemical control of the onion basal rot and to enhanced growth and yield of onion.
Antifungal metabolites were isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and tested against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae causing basal rot of onion. Phenazine and 2,4 DAPG produced by the Pseudomonas isolate (Pf 12) were recorded 67.03 and 77.34 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth over control respectively. P. fluorescens isolates were strongly produced hydroxymate and Carboxymate type of siderophore at various level. Antifungal metabolites produced by Pseudomonas isolate (Pf 12) was recorded maximum inhibition of basal rot pathogen in in vitro condition.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (SD) on learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in female Wistar albino rats.
Methods: Eight-arm radial maze, open-field test, and light and dark test were used to assess the animals learning and memory and anxiety-like behavior.
Results: SD associated with weaker learning and memory and increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in animals.
Conclusion: Animals were exposed to SD showed learning and memory impairment and also exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior when compared to control animals.
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